Report on 3d Bio Printer free essay sample

A 3D Bio-Printer is a gadget, where, a Human Organ is examined, and a 3D measurement of a fresh out of the plastic new organ is made and printed utilizing the person’s own cell or immature microorganisms as â€Å"ink. † With only a limited quantity of cell utilized from the patient’s body. 1 The 3D bio-printers incorporate a product interface that permits architects to fabricate a model of the tissue build before the printer initiates the physical developments of the organs cell-by-cell utilizing the mechanized, laser-aligned print heads. The printer is the consequence of joint effort between Australian designing firm Invetech, and Organovo, a regenerative medication organization situated in San Diego, California. Organovo chose Invetech in May 2009 as its innovation advancement accomplice and requested that the organization plan and build up an exceptionally incorporated, amazingly solid and easy to utilize 3D bio-printer framework, which could then be moved to produce and business deal. Presently, only eight months after the fact, Invetech has conveyed the principal creation model 3D bio-printer to Organovo. We will compose a custom article test on Report on 3d Bio Printer or on the other hand any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Invetech plan to send various 3D bio-printers to Organovo during 2010 and 2011 and Organovo will put the printers internationally with look into establishments examining human tissue fix and organ substitution. 2 Organovo CEO, Keith Murphy, says the bio-printer speaks to an advancement since they accommodate the first run through an adaptable innovation stage for associations taking a shot at a wide range of kinds of tissue development and organ substitution. 3 The upside of utilizing a bioprinter is that it kills the requirement for a framework, so Dr Atala, as well, is exploring different avenues regarding inkjet innovation. Researchers and specialists will have the ability to make organs to use also, just for testing clinical items. Specialists don’t need to utilize the creatures any longer! In this way, it won’t be long when the opportunity arrives that you should simply make a call or a straightforward excursion to the doctor’s office when you need new organs. The idea of having the option to develop organs gives me goosebumps. Be that as it may, if this innovation is controlled and utilized appropriately, as I’ve stated, the conceivable outcomes are unfathomable.

Gorilla Research Paper -- essays research papers

Regular name-Gorilla Logical name gorilla class-mammalia request primata family-pongidae family gorilla      The gorillas live for the most part in seaside West Africa in the Congo, Zaire, Gabon, Equatorial Guinea and Cameroon. Gorillas live in the downpour woods. They generally live on the ground yet fabricate home in trees to snooze. Gorilla troops keep a 15-20 square mile go which frequently covers the scope of different soldiers. There are three various types of gorillas. The eastern swamp gorilla the western marsh and the mountain gorilla. They are herbivores and eat just wild celery, roots, tree husk mash, organic product, stems of numerous plants and bamboo shoots. They go through almost a large portion of their day eating. The annihilation of their territory and demolition are the two extraordinary dangers to the gorillas. The spots where they are found are poor and thickly populated. The land that is saved for gorillas is being taken over by farming. The wire traps that poachers set out for pronghorn generally wind up getting gorillas. Individuals execute them for their heads and hands as trophies. The western marsh gorilla is recorded as an imperiled species.      The physical qualities of a gorilla are, the male might be from a tallness of 5.5 ft and a load of around 400 lbs. The female can be as tall as 5 ft. what's more, weight practically about a large portion of the heaviness of the male. Their skull is essentially like our own, however their bones are thicker. The gorillas turn... Gorilla Research Paper - expositions investigate papers Normal name-Gorilla Logical name gorilla class-mammalia request primata family-pongidae sort gorilla      The gorillas live fundamentally in beach front West Africa in the Congo, Zaire, Gabon, Equatorial Guinea and Cameroon. Gorillas live in the downpour backwoods. They generally live on the ground however assemble home in trees to stay in bed. Gorilla troops keep a 15-20 square mile extend which regularly covers the scope of different soldiers. There are three various types of gorillas. The eastern swamp gorilla the western marsh and the mountain gorilla. They are herbivores and eat just wild celery, roots, tree husk mash, organic product, stems of numerous plants and bamboo shoots. They go through almost a large portion of their day eating. The devastation of their environment and demolition are the two incredible dangers to the gorillas. The spots where they are found are poor and thickly populated. The land that is saved for gorillas is being taken over by horticulture. The wire traps that poachers set out for gazelle ordinarily wind up getting gorillas. Individuals slaughter them for their heads and hands as trophies. The western swamp gorilla is recorded as an imperiled species.      The physical qualities of a gorilla are, the male might be from a stature of 5.5 ft and a load of around 400 lbs. The female can be as tall as 5 ft. also, weight practically about a large portion of the heaviness of the male. Their skull is essentially like our own, yet their bones are thicker. The gorillas turn...

What are some guidelines that would help one achieve individuality Essay

What are a few rules that would assist one with accomplishing independence - Essay Example Various individuals require diverse condition to create and there is no single life design reasonable for everybody (Ten, 1980). On distinction, John Stuart Mill suggests that individuals ought not follow the custom since it is the standard. Acclimating would just contrast individuals with gorillas and sheep, which depend on personnel of impersonation (Mill, Anderson and Anderson, 2003). Rather, Mill needs individuals to pick their course of life all the more brilliantly putting together their choices with respect to their own encounters. Accomplishing independence is reliant of reflection and thought. This includes utilization of particular human resources including judgment, discernment, mental action, discriminative inclination and good inclination (Mill, Anderson and Anderson, 2003). Since singular natures are not straightforward, individuals experience living, consider and think about these encounters and get exercises from them. Following the exercises, an individual should then make right surmisings with respect to what is progressively appropriate for them (Mill, Anderson and Anderson, 2003). Considering Mills’ support for creating distinction, Vincent Ruggiero (2008) gives four stages that go about as rules to help with accomplishing uniqueness. The initial step as indicated by Ruggiero (2008) is treating an individual’s first response to someone else, circumstance or issue with doubt (Ruggiero, 2008). An individual ought not from the outset grasp that feeling or response without looking at the explanation concerning why they responded in such a way. Individuals, issue or circumstances bring out sentiment of bliss, stun, disillusionment or hurt. It is significant that an individual, before disguising these inclination, comprehends why they happened in any case. The subsequent advance includes choosing why they responded as they did during the experience. At this stage, if conceivable an individual ought to figure out what explicit

Is abortion right or wrong Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Is fetus removal right or wrong - Coursework Example These insights are an away from of how premature birth has influenced a lot of the world’s populace either straightforwardly or in a roundabout way. Because of the dark idea of life-related issues articulations are left for singular understandings and this paper will investigate whether premature birth is correct or wrong. Researchers have gone to the fore with blended assessments on the issue of premature birth. Some point out that an individual exists directly from origination. These further pressure that the terms zygote, incipient organism and embryo among others, that are at the focal point of discussion regarding which is a human structure and which isn't, are simply phases of improvement in another child. They stress that an infant likewise has different names like newborn child and baby contingent upon their age after birth. These logical contentions indicate that a child is shaped right from the time it is considered and the human contention needs no discussion (Baumg ardner 2008). In the equivalent logical front there are those that avoid the above portrayals. Some radical rivals of these perspectives express that life starts are birth. The others express that an unborn youngster is a living individual however they contrast on which phase of advancement a person is framed. It is imperative to take note of that inside everybody there are divisions in conclusion with individuals falling under the over three classifications comparable to when a child begins being human. In this respects it is imperative to investigate the different explicit contentions for and against fetus removal. Contentions for fetus removal Pro-decision activists express that numerous premature births are finished during the main trimester. At this phase of pregnancy the baby can't get by outside the belly without anyone else. As such the contention put forward is that the embryo is simply yet a piece of the woman’s body and not a different element and fetus removal is simply but rather disposal this part. Human life development ought to be separated from personhood. The individuals who bolster this view express that human life starts at origination yet contend that the vitro treatment eggs which don't get embedded are regularly disposed of. They further pose the inquiry with regards to whether this is dangerous or not and along these lines neglect to comprehend why when a lady does likewise it is named as deadly. Reception then again can't be an option in contrast to premature birth as some contend. They bolster this by expressing that solitary under 3 percent of ladies select to offer their children for reception after birth. As such they express that prematurely ending is a choice best left for a lady to make as going for reception is an uncommon course after birth. Premature birth, in opposition to the prevalent view, is restoratively protected and just 0.5 percent of the cases report genuine intricacies (Naden 2007). Moreover, master decision activists guarantee that it isn't correct that after a premature birth a lady lessens their odds of a solid pregnancy in future. They additionally contend that ladies who have experienced damaging difficulties like assault ought not be compelled to keep up the pregnancy expressing that they experience grave mental worry in these conditions. Others contend that ladies become pregnant much in the wake of utilizing contraception strategies. Measurements show that of the considerable number of ladies who experience premature births, only 8 percent don't utilize contraceptives. An area of social liberties activists additionally challenge the contentions against fetus removal expressing that it is a woman’

Yale Early Admissions

Yale Early Admissions November 13 Bev Taylor, Founder of Ivy Coach, is quoted on the pages of Yales newspaper today. Bev Taylor, Founder of Ivy Coach, has been featured on the pages of The Yale Daily News, the newspaper of Yale University. In an article entitled Number of early applications falls slightly written by Tyler Foggatt, Bev is quoted as saying that the slight decline in Early applications to Yale University this year was not to be expected. And its not a reflection on Yale. Its a reflection on the fact that the Early deadline was extended last year because of so many issues with the Common Application. This year, the deadline was not extended so without those extra days, fewer students will invariably apply. There are a whole lot of procrastinators across American high schools! As stated in the piece on Yale Early admissions in The Yale Daily News, Bev Taylor, founder of Ivy Coach, a New York-based college consulting firm, said last year’s early application numbers cannot be compared with this year’s, since many schools were forced to extend their deadlines last winter when the Common Application crashed. Last fall, Yale extended its early action deadline by four days.  Taylor added that this year’s early application numbers still saw an increase from the 2012 numbers — the last year Yale had a normal early admissions cycle. I would discount last year, because how can you compare this year’s numbers with last year’s when the deadline was extended by so many days in 2013?† Taylor said. â€Å"And now, you’re still seeing a rise in applications from two years ago. I might be concerned if [this year’s numbers] were less than the class of 2017, but the class of 2018 is an anomaly.' Do you agree? Do you think that all of the problems with the Common App. last year, which led to extended deadlines at so many highly selective colleges like Yale, led to reduced applications this year at Yale  as compared to last year since deadlines werent extended this year? Let us know your thoughts on the matter by posting a Comment below. We look forward to hearing from you.

Featured Test Prep Student Carolyn Wilde

Carolyn Wilde isn’t afraid to go the extra mile. The 17-year-old junior from Lower Gwynedd stays busy with lacrosse at Wissahickon High School and also plays on a winter league club. But that’s not all – Carolyn is a big supporter of others. Carolyn was the manager of the varsity soccer team last fall, and she is in the Fans Club, a group that attends sporting events and other activities, encouraging school spirit at Wissahickon. When she isn’t on the field or cheering on her classmates, Carolyn spends time babysitting and working at a local restaurant. With her active involvement in school and the community, it is no surprise that Carolyn went above and beyond with her standardized test prep. In fact, Carolyn ultimately decided to take both the old version of the SAT, as well as the ACT – just to see how she could do. After hearing about A+ Test Prep Tutoring from friends of hers, Carolyn began preparing for the SAT last fall and winter. She took the SAT three times and then decided that it may be beneficial to try the ACT and see how her scores compared. â€Å"It could only help me if I did well on it,† Carolyn thought. Leading up to the April ACT test, Carolyn juggled school, lacrosse, and test prep sessions with tutor Melissa Nash in an attempt to shift her focus from the SAT to the ACT. â€Å"Melissa was able to work around my schedule, which is constantly changing for lacrosse. I was about to meet with her around dinnertime or on Sundays, sometimes even twice a week. Her flexibility was really helpful,† Carolyn explained. Carolyn and Melissa focused on ACT strategies, which differed from the ones she had used on the SAT. Carolyn said it was an adjustment to have the â€Å"no guessing penalty† on the ACT, and her pace had to be managed differently as well. â€Å"I felt like I was rushing through everything at first, but through practice tests, I felt a lot more comfortable with my speed and how I moved through it,† she said. On the day of the test, Carolyn felt confident in her ability to take the ACT, thanks to her preparation with Melissa. She was able to raise her composite score from a 26 on the diagnostic exam to a 32 – a six-point increase. Of the four sections of the ACT, Carolyn initially scored lowest on the Science section. â€Å"I hated taking it, because I didn’t like how it was formatted. We spent the majority of our time focusing on that, since it was the one I struggled the most with,† she recalled. â€Å"I ended up getting my highest score on the Science section, which just shows you that practicing will go a very long way.† â€Å"The 32 was a wonderful achievement,† Melissa said. â€Å"It was the result of so much work and becoming very comfortable with the test. Thanks to her great SAT scores, she knew she could do it. Stefanie Wilde, Carolyn’s mom, was very satisfied with the A+ experience. â€Å"We are thrilled with Carolyn’s scores,† she said. â€Å"We thought she would do well, but she certainly exceeded our expectations.A special thank you to Melissa who worked so well with Carolyn and was able to work around both of their busy schedules to fit in sessions.† Now that she is finished with testing, Carolyn is beginning to focus on college applications. She has been meeting with a college counselor outside of school to help narrow down her list of possible schools. â€Å"I had a list of where I was interested, and once I got my ACT scores back it obviously opened up even more opportunities,† she said. She plans to study business and hopes to stay involved with lacrosse at the club level. â€Å"Even if you have no doubts in your abilities to take the SAT or ACT, putting yourself out there and seeing how getting some additional help could improve your scores is definitely worthwhile – especially with A+,† Carolyn said.

Diagnosed With Stage IIi Breast Cancer - 961 Words

Marybeth has been healthy for the most of her life, however, she was diagnosed with stage III breast cancer in October, 2015. After the surgery, she went for one chemo therapy. She was supposed to have 4 sessions. But she decided not to take the rest of the chemo therapy due to her financial hardship at the time. She was ready whenever the Lord wanted her. She drove to work a week after her surgery, and she kept telling herself that she could do this. At the age of 70, another wonderful opportunity emerged. Marybeth was offered the position of Clinical Supervisor at UW-Parkside. She enjoys observing first and second year education majors in their field experiences. Marybeth’s life has been a roller coaster. There have been ups and downs.†¦show more content†¦Marybeth thinks her life as integrative. She had a great childhood, a rewarding teenage years, getting married and having children, helping with raising up her grandchildren. She has passed on many morals and values to the young generations. As Erikson stated in his psychosocial developmental stages, integrity is the opposite of self-centered love. It is a sense of acceptance that this is one’s only life. (Berzoff, 2011) She tries to contribute more to her family and society and wants to live a regret free life, she also accepts her own death in the future. She is very involved with community work. She volunteers at different organizations, agencies and clubs. She was very involved when she was young, and to this day, she still tries to catch up with everything she used to do at the age of 71. She told me that she was satisfied with her life. The more she does, the more satisfied she is. She is well presented the activity theory of aging. The activity theory of aging proposes that older adults are happiest when they stay active and maintain social interactions. These activities, especially when meaningful, help the elderly to replace lost life roles after retirement and, therefore, resist the social pressures that limit an older person s world. The theory assumes a positive relationship between activity and life satisfaction. Activity theory reflects the functionalist perspective that the equilibrium, that an individualShow MoreRelatedCauses And Treatment Of Inflammatory Breast Cancer1063 Words   |  5 PagesInflammatory Breast cancer , also known as IBC, is a rare type of cancer that attacks the body violently. The cancer cells block lymphatic vessels so the breast looks inflamed which is where it gets its name. IBC is one to five percent of breast cancer diagnosed in the United States. In a matter of weeks to months Inflammatory breast cancer is already at stage III or IV at time of diagnosis. It seems to be diagnosed at a younger age than most breast cancers. The median age is fifty-seven for IBCRead MoreInvasive Lobular Carcinoma Cancer And The Effect It Can Have Upon Your Life1145 Words   |  5 Pagesthe day when I received the news that my grandma has been diagnosed with invasive lobular carcinoma breast cancer. My grandma and I are very close. Her diagnosis is what persuaded me to write my I- search paper on this specific breast cancer. One topic I am really focusing on when I write my paper is the genetic factors because its important to my family and I. Even though I began to research about the cance r when my grandma was diagnosed, there are still a lot of things I don’t know about and I’mRead MoreBreast Cancer : Cancer And Cancer981 Words   |  4 PagesThe Grand Rounds Research Project: Breast Cancer To hear you have breast cancer can be a very shocking thing. â€Å"Besides skin cancer, breast cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed among women in America as of 2015† (breastcancer,2015). First step is to know what you are dealing with when your doctor believes you have cancer, you will want to know what cancer is and how your doctor can detect it. Next your doctor will go over different stages of breast cancer that will help come to a conclusionRead MoreEssay on Breast Cancer- Awareness in Females1595 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"What is breast cancer? How does it relate to women today? When is it appropriate to talk to a doctor?† These questions are all questions that women today ask each other, various health professionals, and doctors. As the most recognized form of cancer in the United States breast cancer affects so many women today. It is a disease that does not distinguish between race, religion and social status. In more recent cases, many young women are being diagnosed with aggressive forms of breast cancer. BreastRead MoreEssay on Breast Cancer Treatment1316 Words   |  6 Pages Breast Cancer Treatment nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Only lung cancer kills more women each year in the United States than breast cancer does. The American Cancer Society (ACS) estimates that over 184,000 new cases of breast cancer were diagnosed in women in 1996 (ACS Breast). Although these statistics are alarming, there are a number of treatment options available for those that are diagnosed with breast cancer. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The best way to treat any disease is to prevent itRead MoreBreast Cancer : The Second Leading Cause Of Death1244 Words   |  5 PagesBREAST CANCER EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Breast cancer is the second leading cause of death in women. Breast Cancer was first discovered more than 3,500 years ago, surgery was an available option is the mid-19th century. Many procedures were available in the 1990’s and early detection without technology because of visible symptoms. Breast Cancer rate has decreased thirty four percent since the 1990’s. Breast cancer doesn’t just affect women but as well. .01% of men are diagnosed with breast cancer. BreastRead MoreEffects Of Cancer On Cancer And Cancer1186 Words   |  5 Pages Side Effects Cancer has been around for longer than 1,000 years. The first case was documented in Ancient Egypt, in 3000 B.C. There were about 231,840 invasive cases of breast cancer in 2015. Americans have been greatly impacted by all types of cancer. Breast, Lung, and Prostate cancer are the most frequently diagnosed cancers in America. Some cancers can’t be avoided. Some cancers come from decisions we make, such as lung cancer. There are only three main causes of lung cancer: cigarette smokingRead MoreBreast Cancer Is A Fascinating Disease That Takes The Life1318 Words   |  6 PagesBreast cancer is a fascinating disease that takes the life of thousands of women every year. It is one of the leading causes of death for women in their middle ages. First, the definition of cancer is uncontrolled division of cells cancerous cells in the body. Therefore, breast cancer is caused by uncontrolled growth of cancerous cells in the breasts. Breast cancer has been noted in history for thousands of years. The ancient Greeks first discovered the disease about 3,500 years ago (Mandal, 2013)Read MoreEssay on The Cure for Breast Cancer1614 Words   |  7 PagesResearchers and doctors have tried for many years to find the perfect cure for breast cancer, but with each year that passes new symptoms and more problems seem to arise. Breast cancer seems is most common in women, but there have been some cases where the cancer has affected men. There have been years of research spent on trying to find the final answer to all the damage that cancer has caused and on top of that there have been multiple organizations collecting data and research in hopes of oneRead MoreBreast Cancer : A Common And Potentially Fatal Form Of Cancer1504 Words   |  7 PagesBreast cancer is a common and potentially fatal form of cancer that affects both men and women. Different patients are given different types of treatment depending on their stage. There are also steps that people can take to not only detect, but also to prevent being affected by breast cancer. Breast cancer treatments have made great leaps forward, allowing both genders to have expectations of victory over the disease. Although breast cancer today has affected many lives among females and males,

What Was Christopher Columbus Speak Of The Island Of...

1. What did Christopher Columbus speak of upon his return in 1494 that evoked a mood that has remained strong in American writing ever since? When Christopher Columbus’ returned in 1494 he spoke about the beautiful land he had seen in the Americas, which in turn evoked the sense of wonder American writing has had ever since 2. From 1492 on, why did Native peoples begin to die in large numbers? From 1492 on the Native peoples began to die in large numbers because of disease, enslavement, and the harsh treatment the Natives received from the Europeans. 3. What was the original population of the island of Hispaniola? The original population of the island of Hispaniola was estimated to be between one hundred thousand to eight million people. 4. In what year did Spain begin to introduce African slavery onto the Hispaniola? Why? In 1501 Spain began to introduce African Slavery into Hispaniola because the number of Native peoples were rapidly declining and slave labor was needed. 5. In what ways is it inaccurate to picture Indians as merely victims suffering decline? How did Native peoples make use of the European presence in America? It is inaccurate to picture the Indians as merely victims suffering a decline because the Native Americans didn’t take European presence to their full advantage to further their goals. Native Americans made alliances with Europeans and traded goods to purchase European arms. 6. By 1492, what type of culture was Europe on its way toShow MoreRelatedChristopher Columbus, Mariner, by Samuel Eliot Morison Essay1628 Words   |  7 PagesChristopher Columbus was born in the port city of Genoa, Italy in 1451. His father was a wool weaver named Domenico Columbo. As a boy, Christopher had no schooling. He and his younger brother Bartholomew helped their father by carding raw wool. Christopher grew up to be a tall, red-haired, quiet and deeply religious man. He worked for his father until he was 22. He went out with the sardine fishing fleets, as other Genoese boys did and he sailed along the coast to CorsicaRead More Christian View of the Natives in the New World Essay examples1400 Words   |  6 Pagesin the New World Some would say that Christopher Columbus was a devout Christian. He believed that his was a mission that would put Christian civilization on the offensive after centuries of Muslim ascendancy (Dor-Ner 45). Columbus original mission was to find a western route to the Indies. But when that failed, his mission became clear: convert these new people to Christianity. Throughout this paper I will show the view of the natives by Columbus and Christendom and how these views changedRead More Christopher Columbus: The Villain Essay1399 Words   |  6 Pages The letter Christopher Columbus wrote back to Spain to report his findings in the New World sparked intrigued me and sparked my imagination. Why I have been so absorbed in this letter I can not explain. This letter is supposed to be about describing an unknown land, a land that has not been seen by anyone besides the natives, but it seems that there is more to it than that. Columbus is known in elementary schools as the man who found the N ew World, and is regarded as a hero. To the contrary, historiansRead MoreChristopher Columbus the Liar1417 Words   |  6 PagesThe letter Christopher Columbus wrote back to Spain to report his findings in the New World sparked intrigued me and sparked my imagination. Why I have been so absorbed in this letter I can not explain. This letter is supposed to be about describing an unknown land, a land that has not been seen by anyone besides the natives, but it seems that there is more to it than that. Columbus is known in elementary schools as the man who found the New World, and is regarded as a hero. To the contrary, historiansRead MoreAn Analysis Of Christopher Columbus And The Native Narrative On Disease And Medicine1083 Words   |  5 PagesBenjamin Franklin, Christopher Columbus, and The Native Narrative. Each have a unique perspective on the newly formed American culture and solid arguments to push these ideals. The Native American Narrative on Disease and Medicine is a story of how nature fought back against the humans. That with the rise of human activity in the form of hunting and excessive abuse of the land led to nature revolting against man for his wicked ways. Different animal groups would bind together to speak on their grievancesRead MoreSpain and Portugal conquered the Americas,1600 Words   |  7 Pagesall the way back to the1492 .Which is when Columbus first started his voyage to explore the West, which ended up in an argument over the land. Spain and Portugal worked as a team to conquer the Americas. In today’s world Portugal and Spain work together when it comes to drug trafficking and forest fires. They also seem to be good allies to one another, they share the same currency and both have high unemployment percentage. In 1484, Christopher Columbus attempted to interest King John II of PortugalRead MoreAnalysis Of Christopher Columbus Voyages1234 Words   |  5 Pagespeoples during our travel experiences. At the time of Christopher Columbus’ voyages, Europeans were seeing themselves as superior beings as a result of the renaissance endorsing humanist ideals. In 1486, six years before the first voyage of Columbus, Italian renaissance humanist Pico della Mirandola published â€Å"Oration on the Dignity of Man.† The book, advocating the potential capabilities of mankind, epitomized the renaissance literary movement Europe was experiencing. Mirandola writes, â€Å"Let some holy ambitionRead MoreColumbus vs. Hitler3500 Words   |  14 Pageshistory from repeating itself exactly as before. At a time when European expansionism was begging to take shape war and genocide were prevalent. When Columbus set sail for Asia with the intent of establishing a trade monopoly between the vibrant culture of Asia and Spain and discovered the New World, along with it came the discovery of the Indians and a new trade and labor opportunity began to take place. Columbus discovery of the New World has been controversial. There are those who wish to honorRead MoreColor Tone, Gradient, Race, And Ethnicity1098 Words   |  5 Pagesdifficult because for many cultures, skin tone and its implications are as much a part of reality as any other cultural moniker. The Dominican Republic is one of these countries. Since colonial times, skin tone has played a larger role than just signifying what part of the world one hails from; in the DR, skin tone is even more important than money and privilege as an indicator of one’s apparent class. This bias and self-hatred revolving around skin tone is apparent in the characters of Oscar and Belà ­ inRead MoreIs The Public Bad Side Of Haiti?1602 Words   |  7 Pagesminds and go deeper to see Haiti for what it really is, for it’s history, it’s people, it’s culture, it’s landmarks and many more (1). Our warm culture, our contagious smile, our country s natural beauty, and our resilience are what set us apart from the rest. After Cuba Hispaniola is the second-largest island in the Caribbean, with an area of 76,192 square kilometers; the Dominican Republic ruling 48,440 square kilometers of the eastern portion of the island is twice as big as Haiti occupying

Educating The Future Helping Everyone Get A Secondary...

Educating the Future Helping everyone get a secondary education is a great idea that should be explored throughout the United States. However, with the rising cost of education, we need to look for alternatives for the cost verses benefit. There are lots of different ideas for this, some great and some not so great. The United States must a middle ground to solving this problem and get everyone back to work and working at better paying jobs, so that the America can remain a strong economic power in the world economy as well as a great nation. A college education or a carrier certificate is an entryway to additional career choices, a better money and a more robust life. Except for a handful students, the price of tuition makes it†¦show more content†¦In exchange, students get an associate’s degree and does not need them to take out loans. State and Federal governments have the task of funding community schools (WSJ). One reason they will prefer to fund a free tuition program is to extend the pool of native accomplished labor (WSJ). A larger consequence of an additional accomplished force and additional faculty graduates within the population could be a trend toward larger economic development. Communities with a better proportion of faculty graduates collect additional taxation and attract higher-paying jobs in the communities. The accomplished labor of junior college graduates conjointly reduces the demand for entry-level jobs, feat them open for unskilled employees and reducing state at very cheap finish of the economic spectrum (icpd.org). While Americans have grown accustomed the general public education system being free throughout the first 12 years, additional personal and charter faculties’ start shooting up across the state, giving families another access to public education throughout these years; however, these choices do value extra cash. Though students have the choice to attend public schools throughout their pre-college years, instruction is not free within the United States. In most cases, students are expected to get their own tuition. Whereas some could argue that free education provides equal opportunities for everybody it will have its disadvantages. When

Analysis Of The Kite Runner - 2368 Words

Mert Sehri ENG 4U1 October 21st, 2014 Mr. Dewar Highway to Amir’s Redemption and Baba’s Grief The Kite Runner is the first novel of Afghan-American author Khaled Hosseini. It tells the story of Amir, a boy from Kabul, Afghanistan, whose closest friend is Hassan, a young Hazara servant. Novel turns around these two characters and Baba, Amir’s father, by telling their tragic stories, guilt and redemption that are woven throughout the novel. Even in the difficult moments, characters build up to their guilt and later on to their redemption. Their sins and faults alter the lives of innocent people. First, Amir and Baba fail to take action on the path to justice for Ali and Hassan. Moreover, Amir and Baba continue to build up their guilt due to their decisions and actions. Although Amir builds up more guilt than Baba throughout the novel, he eventually succeeds in the road to redemption unlike his father. After all, Amir and Baba have many chances to fix their atonements but Baba chooses not to and Amir does. Baba u ses his wealth to cover up his sins but never atone himself while Amir decides to stand up and save Sohrab and finally finds peace. Amir and Baba’s reaction to sins essentially indicate their peace of mind and how they react to guilt and injustice. Amir and Baba do not try to involve themselves with Hassan and Ali. Just like when Amir starts to understand the low social status Hassan has and accept the status quo. He says â€Å"That Hassan would grow up illiterate like AliShow MoreRelatedCritical Analysis Of The Kite Runner1090 Words   |  5 Pages– H 31 October 2017 Consequences of War: A Critical Analysis of the Kite Runner On a day to day basis, an individual is faced with an obstacle they must overcome, ultimately defining their morals and values. In the literature perspective, the novel The Kite Runner delivers multiple thematic ideas that portray the struggles of characters in their ordinary lives. Khaled Hosseini, author and physician, released his debut novel The Kite Runner in the year of 2003. This novel is written in the firstRead MoreThematic Analysis Of The Kite Runner 1377 Words   |  6 PagesThematic Analysis of the Kite Runner John Piper once said, â€Å"Redemption is not perfection, the redeemed must realize their mistakes.† One can see an idea similar to this in Kahled Hosseini’s The Kite Runner. In the story, the author sends the message that redemption can be a lifelong pursuit, and until achieved, happiness will not be obtained. The first time the reader is introduced to the theme comes at a time when Amir is feeling as though he is not deserving of his fathers appreciation. â€Å"BecauseRead MoreAnalysis Of The Kite Runner 1016 Words   |  5 PagesAccording to the dictionary redemption means â€Å" The act of saving from sin†. The kite Runner is about two boys that goes through violence and betrayal in Kabul, Afghanistan. One of the main characters Amir decided not to help his best friend caused their conflicts to grow. This reveals the theme of redemption throughout the Kite Runner. Most importantly, there is a motivation behind why Amir battles very nearly his whole existence with reclamation and that is on the grounds that Amir s hirelingRead MoreAnalysis Of The Kite Runner1078 Words   |  5 Pages The Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini, a story of a boy as he unravels his journey throughout his life. The novel consists of multiple themes such as love, friendship, betrayal, guilt, , secrets, loyalty, and redemption. As the main character, Amir recalls his past events, all of these themes start to unravel specific events that occurred in his life. â€Å"There is a way to be good again† (Hosseini 2) is where the novel unfolds the deep dark life of Amir’s regret and guilt, Baba’s secret, and Hassan’sRead MoreThe Kite Runner Analysis1237 Words   |  5 Pageshow political power such as the Taliban can bring out the evil in people but he also demonstrates how there is oppressive male power in relationships that also brings out the same human nature. He uses overbearing masculine characters in the The Kite Runner and gender roles to express how men were given the right to act in such horrific ways towards women. In Afghanistan there are many restrictions aga inst women. Men have control over their wives and girlfriends. They have the dominant power and sinceRead MoreThe Kite Runner Analysis772 Words   |  4 PagesThe Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini was a touching book that revolved around loyalty within a friendship. The friendship between Hassan and Amir had some difficulties. A true friendship can be hard to find(,) but can be one of the most vital things to being truly happy. Both Hassan and Amir had proven their loyalty to each other by the end of The Kite Runner. Loyalty was a crucial part in Hassan and Amir’s friendship.   Ã‚  Ã‚   In the beginning, Hassan was not only loyal to Amir because that was his dutyRead MoreCritical Analysis Of The Kite Runner 1899 Words   |  8 PagesCritical Analysis of The Kite Runner â€Å"It may be unfair, but what happens in a few days, sometimes even a single day, can change the course of a whole lifetime†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (142). Khaled Hosseini’s The Kite Runner unfolds the story of the affluent youth Amir and his servant friend Hassan, who are separated by a traumatizing sexual assault and the 1979 Soviet Union invasion of Afghanistan. Despite a fresh start in San Francisco, Amir is devoured by guilt for failing to protect his loyal friend. Many years laterRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of The Kite Runner 1229 Words   |  5 PagesShyanne Nobles Ms. Mastrokyriakos English 4A Literary Analysis on â€Å"The Kite Runner† Edward Michael a British adventurer, writer and television presenter of Man vs. Wild always says â€Å"survival can be summed up in three words - never give up. That’s the heart of it really. Just keep trying†. The Kite Runner is a fictional book with a heartbreaking plot and struggling characters that are easily sympathetic to the readers. An Afghani child that has to make life changing decisions at such a young ageRead MoreThe Kite Runner Analysis 1844 Words   |  8 PagesTherefore, being a father is very difficult, having to overcome obstacles and being strong for each other. A well-known saying â€Å"like father, like son† is evident in this novel by the different ties of relationship each character had. In the novel, The Kite Runner, Khaled Hosseini proves that there is need of a fatherly figure when growing up. Having a father-son bond helps the child differentiate right from wrong. The relationship which demonstrates the need of a father figure is depic ted by Baba and AmirRead MoreAnalysis Of The Kite Runner 1229 Words   |  5 PagesThe Kite Runner’s plot is centered on the story of Amir, a young boy who grew up in Afghanistan with his father, and friend, Hassan. Amir was raised without a mother, and had no womanly influence in his life until he was married. This lack of women in the storyline has caused some to argue that the novel is demeaning to women (Gomez). The vulgar language and explicit themes are seen as demoralizing towards the female gender (Schaub). In the novel the women are required to remain committed and submissive

Epic

Epic-cure: history that heals Essay History is back. Playwrights are bringing it back, urging the theatre from its obsession with the self and family to an investigation of the nation and its legacy. Even the names ring out with a sense of moment and place, regional or national rooting: The America Play, The Kentucky Cycle, Twilight: Los Angeles, 1992, Angels in America. The Me decades are skidding to a halt before the approaching millennium, while such playwrights as Suzan-Lori Parks, Robert Schenkkan, Anna Deavere Smith and Tony Kushner begin reexploring the We, that odd congregation of others called America. Each of these recent works paints our time as diseased, uncertain. Each probes the racial, ethnic and sexual gulfs so visible from the precipice of centurys end. Each offers a tentative, suggestive, inconclusive vision of healing and redemptionnew ways of seeing a land that, although battered and bruised, as Schenkkan says of the Appalachian hills where his Kentucky Cycle is set, still remembers. Kushners Angels takes place primarily in the near-present and Twilight, Smiths one-woman choral epic, lodges us firmly in the afterburn of the 1992 L.A. riots; still, all these plays shuttle us, at least by allusion, through generations of struggle: slaveries, deaths, civil war, civil rights, immigration, new frontiers. These plays make theatrical history, too. They remove us from a recent time when the mainstream American stage was said to have no politics, no memory, no scope. The small-cast, one-set, cheap-to-produce, American domestic drama thats been our staple for the past decade or more looks even punier next to the new epic: the great, groping, revisionist, American history play. OUT WITH THE LIVING ROOM. In with what Parks dubs the Great Hole of History and its pun-implied twin, the Great Whole. An African American in her early thirties, Parks has the linguistic audacity to entitle her work The America Play, a mockingly exclusive moniker, calling attention to itself as the single work of its kind, the single history as told by the marginalizedthe other as the only. Kushner has his own kind of post-domestic-naturalism audacity: For seven hours, his fantasia spans our country and the heavens above, Angelic principalities to Americagay America, straight America, Jewish, Mormon, African, you-name-it America. Unrelated lives interpenetrate; Brooklyn becomes Antarctica; the souls of the dead link up to repair the ozone. The freedom of his imagination makes anything seem possible, even hope. The Kentucky Cycle sweeps away the kitchen-sink unities, too, taking one plot of land and telling the seven generation, marathon-length tale of its rape, pillage, plunder, and resale. Then theres the inspired Anna Deavere Smith, Americas theatrical roving reporter, speaking in the tongues of South Central L.A., giving communities their own voices, one person at a time. These epic impulses arent new, and thats part of their power. Theyre as American as Melville and apple pie. They connect the theatre of the 90s with sources as diverse as the waning American Century. Smiths testimonial dramaone stop along a series of pieces called On the Road: A Search for American Characterrecalls the Federal Theatre Projects Living Newspapers and documentary film; her vocal/gestural mimicry blends Brechts epic acting with comic impersonation. The Kentucky Cycle plays like something out of the 30s: part Group Theatre social drama, part Paul Green-style outdoor historical pageant and part WPA mural. Gertrude Steins literary experiments on Americans and their making and Adrienne Kennedys lyrical hallucinations influence The America Plays verbal jeu desprit and racial phantasmagoria. Kushner, meanwhile, who feels to me more European than his contemporaries, mix-matches Brechtian stagecraft and ideology with gay camp, Caryl Churchill-like splicing of fantasy and gritty reality with Shavian excess of wit and of words. (Even Angelss subtitle evokes Shaws similarly apocalyptic Heartbreak House; A Fantasia in the Russian Manner on English Themes becomes A Gay Fantasia on National Themes.) LIKE MOST AMERICAN THEATRE, such epic ambitions derive in part from Eugene ONeill. Like him, these artists possess one thing that lends their attempts power even when they fail: reach. Prior to writing his famous autobiographical masterworks (Long Days Journey into Night and Moon for the Misbegotten), ONeill embarked on (and abandoned incomplete) a vast, nine-play historical cycle: A Tale of Possessors, Self-Dispossessed, a name that equally suits Schenkkans own nine-play saga. (You might turn this around to describe August Wilsons decade-by-decade, African-American history cycle-in-the-making. Call it: The Dispossessed, Self-repossessed.) Unlike contemporary epicists, however, ONeills obsessions remained firmly planted within the four walls of the family manse. Im not giving a damn whether the dramatic event of each play has any significance in the growth of the country or not, he wrote a friend. The Cycle isthe history of a family.I dont want anyone to get the idea that this Cycle is much concerned with what is usually understood by American history, for it isnt. History of Photojournalism EssaySmith, on the other hand, starts simple and lets lifes complications accrue. She never manipulates, but instead lets our sympathies go where they will. She remains aloof from her characters, even as she captures them incisively. She refuses historian-speakthe surety of the single voiceopting instead for inclusive oral history. She serves up the knotty contradictions of racial and ethnic unrest and leaves us to untangle the knot. If she delivers any remedy at all, its a talking-cure. HER ENDING EXEMPLIFIES a mindful, hands-off attitude. As Twilight Bey, one of the architects of the Crip/Blood gang truce, (echoing earlier words of cultural critic Homi Bhabha) she/he reminds us that the limbo-light of dusk is a valuable time, a time when, paradoxically, we can see things we miss in the light. I see darkness as myself. I see the light as knowledge and the wisdom of the world and understanding others, and in order for me to be a, to be a true human being I cant forever dwell in darkness, I cant forever dwell in the idea of just identifying with people like me Now is such a time, she suggests, standing against the twilight sky in Dashiki tunic and Kente cloth hat; its an opportunity to identify with difference, to see, in the ethnic tensions of our nation, truths about the American character that more usual light obscures. In Angels, difference is more ideological than ethnic, and the battle is fought, not in the streets, but in the body, mind and heart. Stasis versus progressthese are Kushners dueling ideologies. The former is embodied by conservative Republicans, specifically in the compelling evil of Roy Cohn, and by the Angels, who want mankind to hobble itself, to grow roots and stand still. Progress means liberationracial, sexual and individual liberationand the mysterious work of building a better world. Even on a personal level, Angels concerns staying still or moving on, as one partner in each of the two central couples leaves, one abandoning his sick lover, the other his agoraphobic, valium-popping wife. Kushner precisely locates the play in contemporary history, 1985-90, the height of the Bush/Reagan era and the beginning of the restructuring of eastern Europe. This also covers the five years prophet Prior Walter has lived with AIDS. As Kushner scours this premillennial moment for the real sources of disease, he keeps his perspective (and ours) flipping. His sweeping vision closes beneath the statue of an Angel, commemorating the Civil War dead. The emaciated Walter stands before it, surrounded by friends, waving at us and reminding us that the Great Work of life is always just beginning. If history will guide us in this great work, though, it wont be exact. Kushners prescription is necessarily as murky and difficult as Smiths, if more pleasantly upbeat. He combines images of disease (AIDS) and death (Civil War) with those of spiritual awakening (the Angel) and healing (her cleansing fountain). He adds a blessing for More Life. Kushner leaves us with a kind of painful progress. Longing for what weve left behind, and dreaming ahead. This painful progress is our hope in this time of transition, twilight, restructuring and revision. One century dies, and a version of America dies with it. Another stands waiting to be born. We dream restlessly forward.

A White Heron free essay sample

â€Å"A White Heron† by Sarah Orne Jewett tells the story of a young girl named Sylvia who has to make the difficult decision whether or not to tell a hunter where a very rare bird is living. Sylvia lives with her grandmother, Mrs. Tilley, out in the country. Daily she takes out her grandmother’s cow, Mistress Molly, to eat grass. One day on her way back home, she encounters a man in the woods who informs her he is lost and would like a place to stay. Mrs. Tilley allows him to stay, and while they all get acquainted, the young man explains he’s an ornithologist searching for a very rare bird, a white heron. He will pay ten dollars to whoever can help him find the bird. Sylvia and the man search, but constantly turn up empty handed. One night she decides to climb a tree where she believes the heron might be. We will write a custom essay sample on A White Heron or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page She spots the bird and goes home to inform the man. Although Sylvia later regrets this decision, she has a change of heart and says nothing about finding the bird. He eventually leaves without the bird or knowledge of where it’s hiding. Jewett shows how making a life or death decision is always a hard choice to make. The title of the story, â€Å"A White Heron†, implies that it will be an important symbol. A white heron is a contextual symbol as it can mean different things to different people. In this specific story it symbolizes life and the hunter symbolizes death. If Sylvia gives away the secret of where the heron is hiding, she will essentially give up his life to the hunter. He will be killed. She stands her ground and doesn’t let him know where the heron is although she knows that if she did, she would get a remarkable reward. The heron is a physical symbol since it can be touched. It is shown many times throughout the story, â€Å"She remembers how the white heron came flying through the golden air and how they watched the sea and the morning together, and Sylvia cannot speak; she cannot tell the heron’s secret and give its life away† (628). She feels as though she is one of them and they have had a special moment. The heron is also used as a visual symbol in this story. â€Å"The birds sang louder and louder. At last the sun came up bewilderingly bright. Sylvia could see the white sails of ships out at sea, and the clouds that were purple and rose-colored and yellow at first began to fade away† (627). There is an image painted out for the reader to see what Sylvia is seeing. Jewett uses imagery to help point out a connection between two irrelevant thing, Sylvia and the white heron. There are many similes throughout the whole story, â€Å"Sylvia began with utmost bravery to mount to the top of it, with tingling eager blood coursing the channels of her whole frame, with her bare feet and fingers, that pinched and held like bird’s claws to the monstrous ladder reaching up, almost to the sky itself† (627). And in a different instance: â€Å"Now look down again, Sylvia, where the green marsh is set among the shining birches and dark hemlocks; there where you saw the white heron once you will see him again; look look! White spot of him like a single floating feather comes up from the dead hemlock and grows larger, and rises, and comes close at last, and goes by the landmark pine with steady sweep of wing and outstretched slender neck and crested head† (628). The use of the heron as a symbol of life and the hunter as a symbol of death really shows a contrast between good and evil. It isn’t about the money for Sylvia. It’s about doing the right thing and making the decision she felt was the correct one.

Managing Innovation at Nypro, Inc.

Table of Contents Introduction Nypro Inc.’s Competitive Edge Nypro’s strategy Knowledge management Strategy development Recommendation References Introduction Nypro Inc. is a plastic injection molding company which was established in 1955 as Nypro products cooperation and the performance of the company was average, similar to other companies in the plastic injection molding industry. Only when Gordon Lankton joined the company as general manager in 1962 did the company improve in performance and sales.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Managing Innovation at Nypro, Inc. specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Nypro Inc.’s Competitive Edge In comparison to other companies, Nypro has numerous competitive advantages that have made the company unique. Nypro has fostered internal competition rather than external competition to perpetuate growth and innovation, basically this means that Nypro competes within its self rather than with other companies. The competition is also broad in its implementation beginning within each of the 21 Nypro plants. Employees in these plants are subdivided into teams, and these teams are assigned a similar project to work on (Voorheis 1998). Members of the most successful team are then rewarded through the stock program depending on their consistent performance. Additionally, aggressive competition has been nurtured between all of Nypro’s 21 plants to encourage innovation. Performance statistics are collected on a quarterly basis and the performance results of all plants are distributed to all plants. The successful procedures of the best plants are emphasized together with the failures of the plant that performed worst. This way, plants have the opportunity to learn from each other and implement successful procedures while avoiding errors committed by other plants. A good example is the Burlington North Carolina plant which used de dicated hoses to supply different viscous plastic to each machine reducing on impurities and cleaning costs; soon after, every Nypro plant was copying the innovation and using dedicated hoses (Voorheis 1998). Nypro’s strategy Nypro has been able to formulate an intricate yet successful strategy to govern how organizational procedures, manufacturing, sales and product developments are managed. The first step into crafting the strategy was the selection of prime locations for their plants. Plants are located in metropolitan environments where their products are readily accessible to clients. In addition, these plants specialize in the manufacturing of custom injection plastics that are of high demand in their locale. For example the plant in Illinois specializes in providing for the healthcare industry in northern Chicago while the Oregon plant serves the needs of Hewlett-Packard. The clientele base was also shrunk by focusing on corporate clients rather than individual clients . In reference to the internal organization of the plants, each plant had its own board of directors rather than a centralized form of leadership for all plants (Voorheis 1998).Advertising Looking for critical writing on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The board of directors is selected from different plants, with every member of the board coming from different departments of different plants. In so doing, the board is composed of a variety of individuals with vast experiences ranging in all aspects that pertain to the interests of Nypro (Clayton, 1999). In product development, development teams are set up comprising of Nypro engineers and the client firm’s engineers; the responsibility of these teams is to conceptualize the product and recommend cost effective processes for production. Once through, the development teams are disbanded and Continuous Improvement teams set in place to analyze manufac turing, procurement of materials and marketing. Once the product is released to the market, a business review committee is set up to follow up on the success of the product. Knowledge management Nypro has shown exceptional information and knowledge management, a strong reason to the success of this company. Even though they encourage internal friendly competition, vital information on successful processes and failed processes has to be shared. The quarterly performance reports was not enough to ensure the consistent flow of information and therefore the Manufacturing Resource Planning (MRP2) software systems were integrated into Nypro to ensure there was proper knowledge management between all plants. The software provided a platform where all plants and their customers could communicate on the production planning of particular products and share data regarding different production models. Additionally, knowledge management can be demonstrated by the integration of different individ uals from diverse plants who are successful in various departments, to form a board of directors for each plant. It is therefore evident that a board of directors has a vast wealth of knowledge from a cross section of the company and they are responsible for propelling growth by incorporating their expertise (Voorheis 1998). Strategy development The de facto strategy at Nypro during its initial years was similar to other existing molding companies in that they focused on small scale customers such as individuals and small companies to supply them with custom injected plastics. However, with the introduction of the strategic planning process, Nypro took on large scale customers with demanding technologically progressive jobs. This approach saw the number of Nypro†s customers drop drastically but the remaining clients were large multi-national companies and as a consequence, the revenue per customer rose by more than 500%.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Managing Innovation at Nypro, Inc. specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More With the high demand that came with the customers also came the need for a larger workforce and new manufacturing technology. The de facto strategy can be considered as redundant in that it did not produce significant results or apply a different approach to production. In comparison, the strategic planning process was highly efficient and progressive and it led to the expansion of Nypro and the increase in revenue. Recommendation At the end of the case, it is recommend that Lankton also considers the manufacturing of custom injection plastics for individuals and small scale companies; this means that Lankton can expand on the current workforce to include a department for small-scale production to carter for these small scale companies (Clayton, 1999). This department can receive two NovaPlast molders and function effectively both in production and sales, be aring in mind the prime locations and goodwill the company has. References Clayton, M.C. (1999).Innovation and the general manager. California: rwin/McGraw-Hill. Voorheis, R. (1998). Managing Innovation at Nypro, Inc. (A). Harvard Business School Journal 9:696-061. This critical writing on Managing Innovation at Nypro, Inc. was written and submitted by user Mohammed Stark to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

GMAT Argument Essay Sample - Why This Should Be Part of Your Strategy

GMAT Argument Essay Sample - Why This Should Be Part of Your StrategyA GMAT argument essay sample can be helpful in teaching how to present an argument in a way that is meaningful and effective. A GMAT argument is an extremely important part of the exam and it can make or break your overall success on the exam. Here are a few tips on getting the most out of the argument test.One of the first things you should do when preparing for the argument test is to ensure that you have a well thought out and well organized persuasive argument. Your persuasive argument needs to be a strong foundation that is free from flaws. You need to ensure that the argument starts strong and has supporting evidence.If you do not have a solid foundation for your argument, you will struggle to get anywhere. Remember that this is the foundation that all the other parts of your argument will be built upon. This means that if your argument does not make sense, then the rest of your argument is no good.To make you r argument strong you need to engage with the reader. Make sure that you stay as close to the subject as possible. This means that the reader must feel that they are having a real conversation with you rather than simply reading a sentence or two. Use proper grammar and spelling, and try and be a good writer.You need to be very careful when writing your argument. If you want to make a strong argument then you need to be aware of the grammatical and spelling mistakes that you make. Remember that a correct argument always rests on quality rather than quantity.If you want to get a high score on your GMAT then you need to be a good writer. If you find that you struggle with your writing skills, do not worry about it. There are writing courses that will help you learn how to write a persuasive argument and you can take advantage of these.Of course you will also need to consider the structure of your GMAT argument. Keep the argument to a maximum of four paragraphs. This is just a rule of thumb, but a really good argument will be very concise and still be able to make an argument without being too wordy.In a world where the general public has lost faith in the politicians of their country, this is one area where you can really stand out. Your arguments can become one of the most popular ones by using the correct GMAT argument essay sample. This is the best way to be taken seriously by the professional GMAT teams.

Interpratation of a photograph essays

Interpratation of a photograph essays The black and white photographs lack of color provides a sense of connection to a time long since past. It tells a tale of times best forgotten. Three dead bodies lie cold on the beach and a lone American solider covered with mud, stands with his back to the camera with a gun in hand, possibly contemplating his irreversible deed. The bodies lie cold and motionless in the rising tide, slowly being covered by the vast ocean. Images of death can bring forth feelings from deep within, feelings that take hold of the heart and soul, refusing to let go. They burn themselves into the mind, never to be forgotten. This photograph was taken during World War II and was one of the first U.S. war photos of the dead to be cleared by censors. The photographer is not known. It was taken during the January 1943 amphibious landing on the island of New Guinea. At first glance this photo appears like any other wartime photo. Photos that have bombarded you in textbooks and television. Countless movies have been made depicting the same images. But there is something different about this photo. It almost brings you into that terrible moment in history. It captures the mood of what the war was unlike the images that we grow accustomed to in the movies. By looking deeply into the photograph, the mind is set free. It is allowed to wander. Thousands of images begin bombarding the brain, along with questions that need answers. And for as long as the mind allows, its possible to be there, on that beach, feeling all the emotions that the solider in the photo felt. For a moment in time, you can stand in his shoes and look through his eyes. This photo, aside from all the hundreds of photos in the book, was the only one that reached off the paper and grabbed hold of me. Death has a way of affecting all who see it. Unlike anything else in this world, death is able to make people stop and think. Perhaps fear is what ...

Advocacy in Social Work

Advocacy in Social Work Advocacy, Rights and Partnership This reflective report contains my experience and understanding of advocacy and explains the types of advocacy and its methods and models, I will explain the theories and relate it to my practice and finally discuss the strengths and weakness of my area of practice and discuss the conflicts of interest implication up on the service user. DEFINITION OF ADVOCACY Advocacy is defined as a key concept in social work practice. It is defined as exerting influence on behalf of organisations and groups within legal power and political structure. † Advocacy involves either an individual or group, or their representatives, pressing their case with influential others, about situations which either affect them directly or, and more usually, try to prevent proposed changes, which will leave them worse off† .(Pardeck, 1996). Gates (1994) cites four variations of advocacy: legal advocacy, the representation of the user in a formal context, for instance a health-review tribunal; self-advocacy, where the individual or a group of individuals speak up for themselves, a form of empowerment; collective or class advocacy, the large organisations who speak for the interests and rights of a category of people; and citizen advocacy, the representation of the user’s interests by a competent advocate (eg a Social worker). Advocacy is a concept embraced by social work and advocating for clients is vital for the social work profession. The primary goals of advocacy are achieving social justice and people empowerment. In achieving these goals, a proactive, responsive and participatory approach is necessary (Pardeck, 1996). My role as an advocate during my placement was to speak on behalf of my clients and to empower them to advocate on their own behalf, whenever their rights have been denied; for example in accessing state benefits or demanding repair work from local Housing departments. The advocacy role, from a social context, includes t he redistribution of power and recourse to an individual or group, guarding their rights and preserving their values, conserving their best interests and overcoming the sense of powerlessness (Pardeck, 1996. pg 151). RESOURCES AVAILABLE WITHIN PLACEMENT My second year practice placement was with a charity organisation, in the London Borough of Newham called RAMP (Refugee And Migrant Project). RAMP is one of The Renewal Programme projects and is registered with the Home Office – Office of Immigration Services Commission. RAMP works to enable refugees and migrants (including asylum seeker) to realise their potentials and facilitate their integration into society. The focus of the organisation is to provide advice and advocacy and support on welfare benefits, housing and education and NASS – National Asylum Support Services. RELATING THEORY TO ADVOCACY When I began working with migrants, refugees or asylum seekers, I took a very holistic and Person Centred Approach that allowed me to work in partnership and give them the opportunity to go through their own problems and find their own solutions to them. Carl Rogers was the founder of Person-Centred therapy. As a psychologist in the 1950’s and 60’s he studied the process of counselling and came to the conclusion that a number of basic principles were required in order for there to be a positive relationship and outcome between the client and the therapist. These are also known as ‘ core conditions’ :

Architecture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Architecture - Essay Example The Tama Art University Library was designed by Toyo Ito. According to Bognar (1985), Ito deals with forms which are pure and abstract. He strives to make building unique by playing with their surfaces, which, in his mind, according to Bognar (1985), â€Å"carry the meaning and the quality of space† (p. 323). The Glasgow School of Art Library was designed by Charles Rennie Mackintosh, who, having designed around the turn of the 20th Century, was considered one of the pioneers of modernism (Nuttgens, 1988). Each of these buildings have distinctive features, themes and ways of playing with light, and, in the case of Arets, sound. Each of these buildings resemble one another in critical ways, yet are different as well. This paper will explain the three buildings, their unifying principles and the way that they differ. University Library in Utrecht The qualities embraced by Arets are on display with the University Library in Utrecht. From the outside, at a glance, it appears to be box-like and black, and looks to have a strong aesthetic. The building is made almost entirely of glass, so it reflects the light and the environment. The facade, according to Beek (2005), consists of alternating opaque and transparent panels, glass and concrete. On the glass is printed jungle trees, while the jungle trees are etched, in relief, on the concrete portions of the facade. However, although the building is dark, it plays with light in different ways. McCarter (2012) explains that the building plays with light by alternating the panels of concrete and glass, and some of the glass panels are double paned and slightly off-kilter. This gives the building a three-dimensional effect, and also allows the sunlight to be filtered through and regulated. Between the panels shifting, the alternation between the concrete and the glass, and jungle patterns on the glass and concrete, the building plays with light in a way that is dynamic. Once inside, Beek (2005) describes the interio r as a contrast, as the floor is reflecting and white, and this contrasts with the dark concrete panels. Once the individual comes in through the main entrance, McCarter (2012), states that there is a gallery there, and this leads to a large staircase. The main idea is that the white reflecting floor, and the contrasting dark concrete, is repeated throughout the interior. When one reaches the first level, there is an atrium that is at full height. On the inside, one understands that there are spatial volumes which correspond with the solid outside walls. Meanwhile, the glass panels vertically close the facade line. Beek (2005) states that the interior of the library consists of lecture rooms, bookshelves and archives, all on different levels, and that each of the different levels have a different style. Some of the levels feature open terraces. Some feature rooms which are enclosed with balconies. One meeting room is cantilevered, and facing the atrium completely. There is some colo r inside, notably red, which is the color of some of the fixed furnitures. The textures and relief on the outside glass and concrete turn out to be functional, with regards to the acoustics and the light inside the building, according to Beek (2005). This is because the relief texture on the concrete absorbs the outside sounds. The glass imprintations regulates the sunlight. Therefore, the inside building is silent and open, because of this light and sound regulation. Therefore,

Corporate Organ in China Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Corporate Organ in China - Essay Example The PRC Company Law 2005 has enhanced corporate governance, transparency and minority shareholders protection. The terms and conditions for the establishment of the liability companies and joint stock limited entities have been softened. The Company Law 2005 has barred the directors and management of the limited company from the violation and contradiction of their official duties and responsibilities towards the company. According to the law, in case of any mismanagement or financial manipulation, it is the controlling shareholder, director or senior manager, who is personally responsible for their failure to handle conflict of interest situation. The approach has been responsible for the lifting of corporate veil. The directors of Chinese public listed companies have been barred from participation in any matter, which has direct relevance with tier authority, based on interest. The approved PRC Company Law has encouraged the accountability process, and has recommended strong action against the controlling shareholder, if found guilty of abusing the profits and benefits of limited liability. The previous PRC Company Law failed to protect the legitimate and financial interest of minority shareholders. ... In case 1 if the company disapproves the disposal of its major assets, or in case if the company is involved in any merger or acquisition deal, the minority shareholder has the right to pressurize the company for the purchase of their shares. The minority shareholder also has the legal authority to take judicial action against the directors, if the directors are involved in embezzlement of funds, or breach of fiduciary duties. The PRC Company Law has authorized the .3% of the total shareholders to request the Board of directors, and seek their opinion and consideration towards the submitted proposals and agenda. The shareholders also have the right to call upon Board of directors meeting in case of violation of an article or law is observed. The PRC Company has further authorized 10% of the shareholders to seek liquidation of the company through submission of a petition in People's Intermediate Court2. The shareholders have the right to access and secure company's corporate records, accounts and articles. Limited Liability Companies: Gains for Minority Shareholder The PRC Company Law has abolished the previously approved system, according to which the company intending to launch their subsidiary were to contribute 50% ceiling on such investment activities. The PRC Company Law has encouraged the companies to establish their subsidiaries unconditionally3. The company law has further encouraged the involvement and participation of the local shareholders by increasing the non cash contribution from 20% to 70%. Even those shareholders having intellectual property rights have the grant to contribute and participate in shares transaction. However condition has been

Test-Oriented or Ability-Oriented Essay -- China Education Chinese Arg

Test-Oriented or Ability-Oriented It is known to the world that China has thousands of years of culture, and education is always an important part of carrying on and developing culture in Chinese history. With the changing of time, the content of education and the method of education have changed a lot. And now in the twentieth century, what does education look like in China after thousands of years of development? There are some kinds of problems existing in the current Test-Oriented Education system, and therefore, another more scientific education system, Ability-Oriented, is needed. However, applying another kind of education system should take many factors into consideration, which involve an argument of doing it. This study will mainly explore the situation of Test-Oriented Education, and the reason why the argument exists. For students in China, the most important thing in their education process is taking tests. And the most important tests are the College Entrance Examinations which now include 9 subjects: Chinese, English, Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Politics, History and Geography. The scores of this series of exams will decide what kind of university or college to which they can apply and in what major they will be. Other words, the scores can decide students’ futures. These exams also mean a lot to high schools. The percentage of students being admitted into college is the standard for judging whether a school is good or not. And therefore, students study for gaining a high score, and teachers teach for gaining a high number of students being admitted. When tests become the final target of the education, it is called Test-Oriented Education. Although it is true as it is said that Chinese stude... ... the number of people from the countries exceeded that from the cities for the first time. Shanxi News Web. December 1, 2004 http://www.daynews.com.cn/mag6/20040606/ca38007.htm WeiQuan LunTan. Facing teenagers who are at the edge of committing suicide, what should we do? December 1, 2004 http://www.ccc.org.cn/6.1/Weiquan/WeiquanqinZS.htm Xinhua Web News. Students are lacking sleep and becoming the most â€Å"poor† people. December 1, 2004 http://edu.beelink.com.cn/20041114/1723941.shtml Yan, Pin. 1292 survey answer sheets show the problems about educating minors. Xinhua Web News. December 1, 2004 http://news.xinhuanet.com/focus/2004-11/30/content_2264703.htm Zhejiang Online News. Wenzhou â€Å"reducing burden† survey: teachers have no confidence, students cannot play. December 1, 2004 http://www.zjol.com.cn/gb/node2/node138669/userobject15ai2229949.html

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1. A benefit of open system architecture is that it: A. facilitates interoperability. B. facilitates the integration of proprietary components. C. will be a basis for volume discounts from equipment vendors. D. allows for the achievement of more economies of scale for equipment. ANSWER: A NOTE: Open systems are those for which suppliers provide components whose interfaces are defined by public standards, thus facilitating interoperability between systems made by different vendors. In contrast, closed system components are built to proprietary standards so that other suppliers' systems cannot or will not interface with existing systems. . An IS auditor discovers that developers have operator access to the command line of a production environment operating system. Which of the following controls would BEST mitigate the risk of undetected and unauthorized program changes to the production environment? A. Commands typed on the command line are logged B. Hash keys are calculated periodica lly for programs and matched against hash keys calculated for the most recent authorized versions of the programs C. Access to the operating system command line is granted through an access restriction tool with preapproved rights D.Software development tools and compilers have been removed from the production environment ANSWER: B NOTE: The matching of hash keys over time would allow detection of changes to files. Choice A is incorrect because having a log is not a control, reviewing the log is a control. Choice C is incorrect because the access was already granted—it does not matter how. Choice D is wrong because files can be copied to and from the production environment. 3. In the context of effective information security governance, the primary objective of value delivery is to: A. optimize security investments in support of business objectives.B. implement a standard set of security practices. C. institute a standards-based solution. D. implement a continuous improvement culture. ANSWER: A NOTE: In the context of effective information security governance, value delivery is implemented to ensure optimization of security investments in support of business objectives. The tools and techniques for implementing value delivery include implementation of a standard set of security practices, institutionalization and commoditization of standards-based solutions, and implementation of a continuous improvement culture considering security as a process, not an event. 4.During a review of a business continuity plan, an IS auditor noticed that the point at which a situation is declared to be a crisis has not been defined. The MAJOR risk associated with this is that: A. assessment of the situation may be delayed. B. execution of the disaster recovery plan could be impacted. C. notification of the teams might not occur. D. potential crisis recognition might be ineffective. ANSWER: B NOTE: Execution of the business continuity plan would be impacted if the organizat ion does not know when to declare a crisis. Choices A, C and D are steps that must be performed to know whether to declare a crisis.Problem and severity assessment would provide information necessary in declaring a disaster. Once a potential crisis is recognized, the teams responsible for crisis management need to be notified. Delaying this step until a disaster has been declared would negate the effect of having response teams. Potential crisis recognition is the first step in responding to a disaster. 5. When implementing an IT governance framework in an organization the MOST important objective is: A. IT alignment with the business. B. accountability. C. value realization with IT. D. enhancing the return on IT investments.ANSWER: A NOTE: The goals of IT governance are to improve IT performance, to deliver optimum business value and to ensure regulatory compliance. The key practice in support of these goals is the strategic alignment of IT with the business (choice A). To achieve alignment, all other choices need to be tied to business practices and strategies. 6. When reviewing an implementation of a VoIP system over a corporate WAN, an IS auditor should expect to find: A. an integrated services digital network (ISDN) data link. B. traffic engineering. C. wired equivalent privacy (WEP) encryption of data.D. analog phone terminals. ANSWER: B NOTE: To ensure that quality of service requirements are achieved, the Voice-over IP (VoIP) service over the wide area network (WAN) should be protected from packet losses, latency or jitter. To reach this objective, the network performance can be managed using statistical techniques such as traffic engineering. The standard bandwidth of an integrated services digital network (ISDN) data link would not provide the quality of services required for corporate VoIP services. WEP is an encryption scheme related to wireless networking.The VoIP phones are usually connected to a corporate local area network (LAN) and are not ana log. 7. An IS auditor selects a server for a penetration test that will be carried out by a technical specialist. Which of the following is MOST important? A. The tools used to conduct the test B. Certifications held by the IS auditor C. Permission from the data owner of the server D. An intrusion detection system (IDS) is enabled ANSWER: C NOTE: The data owner should be informed of the risks associated with a penetration test, what types of tests are to be conducted and other relevant details.All other choices are not as important as the data owner's responsibility for the security of the data assets. 8. Which of the following is a risk of cross-training? A. Increases the dependence on one employee B. Does not assist in succession planning C. One employee may know all parts of a system D. Does not help in achieving a continuity of operations ANSWER: C NOTE: When cross-training, it would be prudent to first assess the risk of any person knowing all parts of a system and what exposur es this may cause. Cross-training has the advantage of decreasing dependence on one employee and, hence, can be part of succession planning.It also provides backup for personnel in the event of absence for any reason and thereby facilitates the continuity of operations. 9. The use of digital signatures: A. requires the use of a one-time password generator. B. provides encryption to a message. C. validates the source of a message. D. ensures message confidentiality. ANSWER: C NOTE: The use of a digital signature verifies the identity of the sender, but does not encrypt the whole message, and hence is not enough to ensure confidentiality. A one-time password generator is an option, but is not a requirement for using digital signatures. 0. A retail outlet has introduced radio frequency identification (RFID) tags to create unique serial numbers for all products. Which of the following is the PRIMARY concern associated with this initiative? A. Issues of privacy B. Wavelength can be absor bed by the human body C. RFID tags may not be removable D. RFID eliminates line-of-sight reading ANSWER: A NOTE: The purchaser of an item will not necessarily be aware of the presence of the tag. If a tagged item is paid for by credit card, it would be possible to tie the unique ID of that item to the identity of the purchaser.Privacy violations are a significant concern because RFID can carry unique identifier numbers. If desired it would be possible for a firm to track individuals who purchase an item containing an RFID. Choices B and C are concerns of less importance. Choice D is not a concern. 11. A lower recovery time objective (RTO) results in: A. higher disaster tolerance. B. higher cost. C. wider interruption windows. D. more permissive data loss. ANSWER: B NOTE: A recovery time objective (RTO) is based on the acceptable downtime in case of a disruption of operations. The lower the RTO, the higher the cost of recovery strategies.The lower the disaster tolerance, the narrower the interruption windows, and the lesser the permissive data loss. 12. During the requirements definition phase of a software development project, the aspects of software testing that should be addressed are developing: A. test data covering critical applications. B. detailed test plans. C. quality assurance test specifications. D. user acceptance testing specifications. ANSWER: D NOTE: A key objective in any software development project is to ensure that the developed software will meet the business objectives and the requirements of the user.The users should be involved in the requirements definition phase of a development project and user acceptance test specification should be developed during this phase. The other choices are generally performed during the system testing phase. 13. The BEST filter rule for protecting a network from being used as an amplifier in a denial of service (DoS) attack is to deny all: A. outgoing traffic with IP source addresses external to the network . B. incoming traffic with discernible spoofed IP source addresses. C. incoming traffic with IP options set.D. incoming traffic to critical hosts. ANSWER: A NOTE: Outgoing traffic with an IP source address different than the IP range in the network is invalid. In most of the cases, it signals a DoS attack originated by an internal user or by a previously compromised internal machine; in both cases, applying this filter will stop the attack. 14. What is the BEST backup strategy for a large database with data supporting online sales? A. Weekly full backup with daily incremental backup B. Daily full backup C. Clustered servers D. Mirrored hard disks ANSWER: ANOTE: Weekly full backup and daily incremental backup is the best backup strategy; it ensures the ability to recover the database and yet reduces the daily backup time requirements. A full backup normally requires a couple of hours, and therefore it can be impractical to conduct a full backup every day. Clustered servers provide a redundant processing capability, but are not a backup. Mirrored hard disks will not help in case of disaster. 15. Which of the following is a feature of Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) in wireless networks? A. Session keys are dynamicB. Private symmetric keys are used C. Keys are static and shared D. Source addresses are not encrypted or authenticated ANSWER: A NOTE: WPA uses dynamic session keys, achieving stronger encryption than wireless encryption privacy (WEP), which operates with static keys (same key is used for everyone in the wireless network). All other choices are weaknesses of WEP. 16. The ultimate purpose of IT governance is to: A. encourage optimal use of IT. B. reduce IT costs. C. decentralize IT resources across the organization. D. centralize control of IT. ANSWER: ANOTE: IT governance is intended to specify the combination of decision rights and accountability that is best for the enterprise. It is different for every enterprise. Reducing IT costs may not be the best IT governance outcome for an enterprise. Decentralizing IT resources across the organization is not always desired, although it may be desired in a decentralized environment. Centralizing control of IT is not always desired. An example of where it might be desired is an enterprise desiring a single point of customer contact. 17. The MAIN purpose of a transaction audit trail is to:A. reduce the use of storage media. B. determine accountability and responsibility for processed transactions. C. help an IS auditor trace transactions. D. provide useful information for capacity planning. ANSWER: B NOTE: Enabling audit trails aids in establishing the accountability and responsibility for processed transactions by tracing them through the information system. Enabling audit trails increases the use of disk space. A transaction log file would be used to trace transactions, but would not aid in determining accountability and responsibility.The objective of capacity planning is the efficient an d effective use of IT resources and requires information such as CPU utilization, bandwidth, number of users, etc. 18. An IS auditor invited to a development project meeting notes that no project risks have been documented. When the IS auditor raises this issue, the project manager responds that it is too early to identify risks and that, if risks do start impacting the project, a risk manager will be hired. The appropriate response of the IS auditor would be to: A. tress the importance of spending time at this point in the project to consider and document risks, and to develop contingency plans. B. accept the project manager's position as the project manager is accountable for the outcome of the project. C. offer to work with the risk manager when one is appointed. D. inform the project manager that the IS auditor will conduct a review of the risks at the completion of the requirements definition phase of the project. ANSWER: A NOTE: The majority of project risks can typically be i dentified before a project begins, allowing mitigation/avoidance plans to be put in place to deal with these risks.A project should have a clear link back to corporate strategy and tactical plans to support this strategy. The process of setting corporate strategy, setting objectives and developing tactical plans should include the consideration of risks. Appointing a risk manager is a good practice but waiting until the project has been impacted by risks is misguided. Risk management needs to be forward looking; allowing risks to evolve into issues that adversely impact the project represents a failure of risk management.With or without a risk manager, persons within and outside of the project team need to be consulted and encouraged to comment when they believe new risks have emerged or risk priorities have changed. The IS auditor has an obligation to the project sponsor and the organization to advise on appropriate project management practices. Waiting for the possible appointment of a risk manager represents an unnecessary and dangerous delay to implementing risk management. 19. A data center has a badge-entry system. Which of the following is MOST important to protect the computing assets in the center?A. Badge readers are installed in locations where tampering would be noticed B. The computer that controls the badge system is backed up frequently C. A process for promptly deactivating lost or stolen badges exists D. All badge entry attempts are logged ANSWER: C NOTE: Tampering with a badge reader cannot open the door, so this is irrelevant. Logging the entry attempts may be of limited value. The biggest risk is from unauthorized individuals who can enter the data center, whether they are employees or not. Thus, a process of deactivating lost or stolen badges is important.The configuration of the system does not change frequently, therefore frequent backup is not necessary. 20. Which of the following would impair the independence of a quality assurance tea m? A. Ensuring compliance with development methods B. Checking the testing assumptions C. Correcting coding errors during the testing process D. Checking the code to ensure proper documentation ANSWER: C NOTE: Correction of code should not be a responsibility of the quality assurance team as it would not ensure segregation of duties and would impair the team's independence. The other choices are valid quality assurance functions. 1. Which of the following is the BEST type of program for an organization to implement to aggregate, correlate and store different log and event files, and then produce weekly and monthly reports for IS auditors? A. A security information event management (SIEM) product B. An open-source correlation engine C. A log management tool D. An extract, transform, load (ETL) system ANSWER: C NOTE: A log management tool is a product designed to aggregate events from many log files (with distinct formats and from different sources), store them and typically correlate them offline to produce many reports (e. . , exception reports showing different statistics including anomalies and suspicious activities), and to answer time-based queries (e. g. , how many users have entered the system between 2 a. m. and 4 a. m. over the past three weeks? ). A SIEM product has some similar features. It correlates events from log files, but does it online and normally is not oriented to storing many weeks of historical information and producing audit reports. A correlation engine is part of a SIEM product. It is oriented to making an online correlation of events.An extract, transform, load (ETL) is part of a business intelligence system, dedicated to extracting operational or production data, transforming that data and loading them to a central repository (data warehouse or data mart); an ETL does not correlate data or produce reports, and normally it does not have extractors to read log file formats. 22. To ensure authentication, confidentiality and integrity of a message, the sender should encrypt the hash of the message with the sender's: A. public key and then encrypt the message with the receiver's private key. B. private key and then encrypt the message with the receiver's public key.C. public key and then encrypt the message with the receiver's public key. D. private key and then encrypt the message with the receiver's private key. ANSWER: B NOTE: Obtaining the hash of the message ensures integrity; signing the hash of the message with the sender's private key ensures the authenticity of the origin, and encrypting the resulting message with the receiver's public key ensures confidentiality. The other choices are incorrect. 23. An IS auditor observes a weakness in the tape management system at a data center in that some parameters are set to bypass or ignore tape header records.Which of the following is the MOST effective compensating control for this weakness? A. Staging and job set up B. Supervisory review of logs C. Regular back-up of tapes D. Offsite storage of tapes ANSWER: A NOTE: If the IS auditor finds that there are effective staging and job set up processes, this can be accepted as a compensating control. Choice B is a detective control while choices C and D are corrective controls, none of which would serve as good compensating controls. 24. What is the MOST prevalent security risk when an organization implements remote virtual private network (VPN) access to its network?A. Malicious code could be spread across the network B. VPN logon could be spoofed C. Traffic could be sniffed and decrypted D. VPN gateway could be compromised ANSWER: A NOTE: VPN is a mature technology; VPN devices are hard to break. However, when remote access is enabled, malicious code in a remote client could spread to the organization's network. Though choices B, C and D are security risks, VPN technology largely mitigates these risks. 25. The activation of an enterprise's business continuity plan should be based on predetermine d criteria that address the: A. duration of the outage. B. ype of outage. C. probability of the outage. D. cause of the outage. ANSWER: A NOTE: The initiation of a business continuity plan (action) should primarily be based on the maximum period for which a business function can be disrupted before the disruption threatens the achievement of organizational objectives. 26. After observing suspicious activities in a server, a manager requests a forensic analysis. Which of the following findings should be of MOST concern to the investigator? A. Server is a member of a workgroup and not part of the server domain B. Guest account is enabled on the server C.Recently, 100 users were created in the server D. Audit logs are not enabled for the server ANSWER: D NOTE: Audit logs can provide evidence which is required to proceed with an investigation and should not be disabled. For business needs, a server can be a member of a workgroup and, therefore, not a concern. Having a guest account enab led on a system is a poor security practice but not a forensic investigation concern. Recently creating 100 users in the server may have been required to meet business needs and should not be a concern. 27. Minimum password length and password complexity verification are examples of: A. etection controls. B. control objectives. C. audit objectives. D. control procedures. ANSWER: D NOTE: Control procedures are practices established by management to achieve specific control objectives. Password controls are preventive controls, not detective controls. Control objectives are declarations of expected results from implementing controls and audit objectives are the specific goals of an audit. 28. Which of the following is an advantage of the top-down approach to software testing? A. Interface errors are identified early B. Testing can be started before all programs are complete C.It is more effective than other testing approaches D. Errors in critical modules are detected sooner ANSWER: A NOTE: The advantage of the top-down approach is that tests of major functions are conducted early, thus enabling the detection of interface errors sooner. The most effective testing approach is dependent on the environment being tested. Choices B and D are advantages of the bottom-up approach to system testing. 29. After initial investigation, an IS auditor has reasons to believe that fraud may be present. The IS auditor should: A. expand activities to determine whether an investigation is warranted.B. report the matter to the audit committee. C. report the possibility of fraud to top management and ask how they would like to proceed. D. consult with external legal counsel to determine the course of action to be taken. ANSWER: A NOTE: An IS auditor's responsibilities for detecting fraud include evaluating fraud indicators and deciding whether any additional action is necessary or whether an investigation should be recommended. The IS auditor should notify the appropriate authoritie s within the organization only if it has determined that the indicators of fraud are sufficient to recommend an investigation.Normally, the IS auditor does not have authority to consult with external legal counsel. 30. As a driver of IT governance, transparency of IT's cost, value and risks is primarily achieved through: A. performance measurement. B. strategic alignment. C. value delivery. D. resource management. ANSWER: A NOTE: Performance measurement includes setting and monitoring measurable objectives of what the IT processes need to deliver (process outcome) and how they deliver it (process capability and performance). Strategic alignment primarily focuses on ensuring linkage of business and IT plans.Value delivery is about executing the value proposition throughout the delivery cycle. Resource management is about the optimal investment in and proper management of critical IT resources. Transparency is primarily achieved through performance measurement as it provides informati on to the stakeholders on how well the enterprise is performing when compared to objectives. 31. A technical lead who was working on a major project has left the organization. The project manager reports suspicious system activities on one of the servers that is accessible to the whole team.What would be of GREATEST concern if discovered during a forensic investigation? A. Audit logs are not enabled for the system B. A logon ID for the technical lead still exists C. Spyware is installed on the system D. A Trojan is installed on the system ANSWER: A NOTE: Audit logs are critical to the investigation of the event; however, if not enabled, misuse of the logon ID of the technical lead and the guest account could not be established. The logon ID of the technical lead should have been deleted as soon as the employee left the organization but, without audit logs, misuse of the ID is difficult to prove.Spyware installed on the system is a concern but could have been installed by any user an d, again, without the presence of logs, discovering who installed the spyware is difficult. A Trojan installed on the system is a concern, but it can be done by any user as it is accessible to the whole group and, without the presence of logs, investigation would be difficult. 32. When using a universal storage bus (USB) flash drive to transport confidential corporate data to an offsite location, an effective control would be to: A. carry the flash drive in a portable safe. B. assure management that you will not lose the flash drive. C. equest that management deliver the flash drive by courier. D. encrypt the folder containing the data with a strong key. ANSWER: D NOTE: Encryption, with a strong key, is the most secure method for protecting the information on the flash drive. Carrying the flash drive in a portable safe does not guarantee the safety of the information in the event that the safe is stolen or lost. No matter what measures you take, the chance of losing the flash drive still exists. It is possible that a courier might lose the flash drive or that it might be stolen. 33. The FIRST step in a successful attack to a system would be: A. gathering information. B. aining access. C. denying services. D. evading detection. ANSWER: A NOTE: Successful attacks start by gathering information about the target system. This is done in advance so that the attacker gets to know the target systems and their vulnerabilities. All of the other choices are based on the information gathered. 34. An IS auditor finds that conference rooms have active network ports. Which of the following is MOST important to ensure? A. The corporate network is using an intrusion prevention system (IPS) B. This part of the network is isolated from the corporate network C. A single sign-on has been implemented in the corporate network D.Antivirus software is in place to protect the corporate network ANSWER: B NOTE: If the conference rooms have access to the corporate network, unauthorized us ers may be able to connect to the corporate network; therefore, both networks should be isolated either via a firewall or being physically separated. An IPS would detect possible attacks, but only after they have occurred. A single sign-on would ease authentication management. Antivirus software would reduce the impact of possible viruses; however, unauthorized users would still be able to access the corporate network, which is the biggest risk. 5. While observing a full simulation of the business continuity plan, an IS auditor notices that the notification systems within the organizational facilities could be severely impacted by infrastructural damage. The BEST recommendation the IS auditor can provide to the organization is to ensure: A. the salvage team is trained to use the notification system. B. the notification system provides for the recovery of the backup. C. redundancies are built into the notification system. D. the notification systems are stored in a vault. ANSWER: CNO TE: If the notification system has been severely impacted by the damage, redundancy would be the best control. The salvage team would not be able to use a severely damaged notification system, even if they are trained to use it. The recovery of the backups has no bearing on the notification system and storing the notification system in a vault would be of little value if the building is damaged. 36. The human resources (HR) department has developed a system to allow employees to enroll in benefits via a web site on the corporate Intranet. Which of the following would protect the confidentiality of the data?A. SSL encryption B. Two-factor authentication C. Encrypted session cookies D. IP address verification ANSWER: A NOTE: The main risk in this scenario is confidentiality, therefore the only option which would provide confidentiality is Secure Socket Layer (SSL) encryption. The remaining options deal with authentication issues. 37. Regarding a disaster recovery plan, the role of an IS auditor should include: A. identifying critical applications. B. determining the external service providers involved in a recovery test. C. observing the tests of the disaster recovery plan. D. etermining the criteria for establishing a recovery time objective (RTO). ANSWER: C NOTE: The IS auditor should be present when disaster recovery plans are tested, to ensure that the test meets the targets for restoration, and the recovery procedures are effective and efficient. As appropriate, the auditor should provide a report of the test results. All other choices are a responsibility of management. 38. Which of the following is the BEST practice to ensure that access authorizations are still valid? A. Information owner provides authorization for users to gain access B. Identity management is integrated with human resource processes C.Information owners periodically review the access controls D. An authorization matrix is used to establish validity of access ANSWER: B NOTE: Personnel a nd departmental changes can result in authorization creep and can impact the effectiveness of access controls. Many times when personnel leave an organization, or employees are promoted, transferred or demoted, their system access is not fully removed, which increases the risk of unauthorized access. The best practices for ensuring access authorization is still valid is to integrate identity management with human resources processes.When an employee transfers to a different function, access rights are adjusted at the same time. 39. The application systems of an organization using open-source software have no single recognized developer producing patches. Which of the following would be the MOST secure way of updating open-source software? A. Rewrite the patches and apply them B. Code review and application of available patches C. Develop in-house patches D. Identify and test suitable patches before applying them ANSWER: D NOTE: Suitable patches from the existing developers should be selected and tested before applying them.Rewriting the patches and applying them is not a correct answer because it would require skilled resources and time to rewrite the patches. Code review could be possible but tests need to be performed before applying the patches. Since the system was developed outside the organization, the IT department may not have the necessary skills and resources to develop patches. 40. Which of the following is a prevalent risk in the development of end-user computing (EUC) applications? A. Applications may not be subject to testing and IT general controls B. Increased development and maintenance costsC. Increased application development time D. Decision-making may be impaired due to diminished responsiveness to requests for information ANSWER: A NOTE: End-user developed applications may not be subjected to an independent outside review by systems analysts and frequently are not created in the context of a formal development methodology. These applicati ons may lack appropriate standards, controls, quality assurance procedures, and documentation. A risk of end-user applications is that management may rely on them as much as traditional applications.End-user computing (EUC) systems typically result in reduced application development and maintenance costs, and a reduced development cycle time. EUC systems normally increase flexibility and responsiveness to management's information requests. 41. The MAJOR consideration for an IS auditor reviewing an organization's IT project portfolio is the: A. IT budget. B. existing IT environment. C. business plan. D. investment plan. ANSWER: C NOTE: One of the most important reasons for which projects get funded is how well a project meets an organization's strategic objectives.Portfolio management takes a holistic view of a company's overall IT strategy. IT strategy should be aligned with the business strategy and, hence, reviewing the business plan should be the major consideration. Choices A, B and D are important but secondary to the importance of reviewing the business plan. 42. Which of the following is an attribute of the control self-assessment (CSA) approach? A. Broad stakeholder involvement B. Auditors are the primary control analysts C. Limited employee participation D. Policy driven ANSWER: ANOTE: The control self-assessment (CSA) approach emphasizes management of and accountability for developing and monitoring the controls of an organization's business processes. The attributes of CSA include empowered employees, continuous improvement, extensive employee participation and training, all of which are representations of broad stakeholder involvement. Choices B, C and D are attributes of a traditional audit approach. 43. The BEST method for assessing the effectiveness of a business continuity plan is to review the: A. plans and compare them to appropriate standards. B. results from previous tests.C. emergency procedures and employee training. D. offsite storage an d environmental controls. ANSWER: B NOTE: Previous test results will provide evidence of the effectiveness of the business continuity plan. Comparisons to standards will give some assurance that the plan addresses the critical aspects of a business continuity plan but will not reveal anything about its effectiveness. Reviewing emergency procedures, offsite storage and environmental controls would provide insight into some aspects of the plan but would fall short of providing assurance of the plan's overall effectiveness. 4. An organization has just completed their annual risk assessment. Regarding the business continuity plan, what should an IS auditor recommend as the next step for the organization? A. Review and evaluate the business continuity plan for adequacy B. Perform a full simulation of the business continuity plan C. Train and educate employees regarding the business continuity plan D. Notify critical contacts in the business continuity plan ANSWER: A NOTE: The business co ntinuity plan should be reviewed every time a risk assessment is completed for the organization.Training of the employees and a simulation should be performed after the business continuity plan has been deemed adequate for the organization. There is no reason to notify the business continuity plan contacts at this time. 45. Which of the following insurance types provide for a loss arising from fraudulent acts by employees? A. Business interruption B. Fidelity coverage C. Errors and omissions D. Extra expense ANSWER: B NOTE: Fidelity insurance covers the loss arising from dishonest or fraudulent acts by employees. Business interruption insurance covers the loss of profit due to the disruption in the operations of an organization.Errors and omissions insurance provides legal liability protection in the event that the professional practitioner commits an act that results in financial loss to a client. Extra expense insurance is designed to cover the extra costs of continuing operations following a disaster/disruption within an organization. 46. An IS auditor reviewing the risk assessment process of an organization should FIRST: A. identify the reasonable threats to the information assets. B. analyze the technical and organizational vulnerabilities. C. identify and rank the information assets. D. evaluate the effect of a potential security breach.ANSWER: C NOTE: Identification and ranking of information assets—e. g. , data criticality, locations of assets—will set the tone or scope of how to assess risk in relation to the organizational value of the asset. Second, the threats facing each of the organization's assets should be analyzed according to their value to the organization. Third, weaknesses should be identified so that controls can be evaluated to determine if they mitigate the weaknesses. Fourth, analyze how these weaknesses, in absence of given controls, would impact the organization information assets. 47.An organization is using an enterpr ise resource management (ERP) application. Which of the following would be an effective access control? A. User-level permissions B. Role-based C. Fine-grained D. Discretionary ANSWER: B NOTE: Role-based access controls the system access by defining roles for a group of users. Users are assigned to the various roles and the access is granted based on the user's role. User-level permissions for an ERP system would create a larger administrative overhead. Fine-grained access control is very difficult to implement and maintain in the context of a large nterprise. Discretionary access control may be configured or modified by the users or data owners, and therefore may create inconsistencies in the access control management. 48. The sender of a public key would be authenticated by a: A. certificate authority. B. digital signature. C. digital certificate. D. registration authority. ANSWER: C NOTE: A digital certificate is an electronic document that declares a public key holder is who the holder claims to be. The certificates do handle data authentication as they are used to determine who sent a particular message.A certificate authority issues the digital certificates, and distributes, generates and manages public keys. A digital signature is used to ensure integrity of the message being sent and solve the nonrepudiation issue of message origination. The registration authority would perform most of the administrative tasks of a certificate authority, i. e. , registration of the users of a digital signature plus authenticating the information that is put in the digital certificate. 49. Which of the following is the MOST reliable form of single factor personal identification? A. Smart card B. PasswordC. Photo identification D. Iris scan ANSWER: D NOTE: Since no two irises are alike, identification and verification can be done with confidence. There is no guarantee that a smart card is being used by the correct person since it can be shared, stolen or lost and found. Passwords can be shared and, if written down, carry the risk of discovery. Photo IDs can be forged or falsified. 50. A business application system accesses a corporate database using a single ID and password embedded in a program. Which of the following would provide efficient access control over the organization's data? A.Introduce a secondary authentication method such as card swipe B. Apply role-based permissions within the application system C. Have users input the ID and password for each database transaction D. Set an expiration period for the database password embedded in the program ANSWER: B NOTE: When a single ID and password are embedded in a program, the best compensating control would be a sound access control over the application layer and procedures to ensure access to data is granted based on a user's role. The issue is user permissions, not authentication, therefore adding a stronger authentication does not improve the situation.Having a user input the ID and passwo rd for access would provide a better control because a database log would identify the initiator of the activity. However, this may not be efficient because each transaction would require a separate authentication process. It is a good practice to set an expiration date for a password. However, this might not be practical for an ID automatically logged in from the program. Often, this type of password is set not to expire. 51. Which of the following should be the MOST important consideration when deciding areas of priority for IT governance implementation?A. Process maturity B. Performance indicators C. Business risk D. Assurance reports ANSWER: C NOTE: Priority should be given to those areas which represent a known risk to the enterprise's operations. The level of process maturity, process performance and audit reports will feed into the decision making process. Those areas that represent real risk to the business should be given priority. 52. An IS auditor has been asked to partic ipate in project initiation meetings for a critical project. The IS auditor's MAIN concern should be that the: A. omplexity and risks associated with the project have been analyzed. B. resources needed throughout the project have been determined. C. project deliverables have been identified. D. a contract for external parties involved in the project has been completed. ANSWER: A NOTE: Understanding complexity and risk, and actively managing these throughout a project are critical to a successful outcome. The other choices, while important during the course of the project, cannot be fully determined at the time the project is initiated, and are often contingent upon the risk and complexity of the project. 3. Which of the following would MOST effectively control the usage of universal storage bus (USB) storage devices? A. Policies that require instant dismissal if such devices are found B. Software for tracking and managing USB storage devices C. Administratively disabling the USB por t D. Searching personnel for USB storage devices at the facility's entrance ANSWER: B NOTE: Software for centralized tracking and monitoring would allow a USB usage policy to be applied to each user based on changing business requirements, and would provide for monitoring and reporting exceptions to management.A policy requiring dismissal may result in increased employee attrition and business requirements would not be properly addressed. Disabling ports would be complex to manage and might not allow for new business needs. Searching of personnel for USB storage devices at the entrance to a facility is not a practical solution since these devices are small and could be easily hidden. 54. When performing a database review, an IS auditor notices that some tables in the database are not normalized. The IS auditor should next: A. recommend that the database be normalized. B. review the conceptual data model.C. review the stored procedures. D. review the justification. ANSWER: D NOTE: If the database is not normalized, the IS auditor should review the justification since, in some situations, denormalization is recommended for performance reasons. The IS auditor should not recommend normalizing the database until further investigation takes place. Reviewing the conceptual data model or the stored procedures will not provide information about normalization. 55. Which of the following would be the GREATEST cause for concern when data are sent over the Internet using HTTPS protocol? A.Presence of spyware in one of the ends B. The use of a traffic sniffing tool C. The implementation of an RSA-compliant solution D. A symmetric cryptography is used for transmitting data ANSWER: A NOTE: Encryption using secure sockets layer/transport layer security (SSL/TLS) tunnels makes it difficult to intercept data in transit, but when spyware is running on an end user's computer, data are collected before encryption takes place. The other choices are related to encrypting the traffic, but the presence of spyware in one of the ends captures the data before encryption takes place. 56.At the completion of a system development project, a postproject review should include which of the following? A. Assessing risks that may lead to downtime after the production release B. Identifying lessons learned that may be applicable to future projects C. Verifying the controls in the delivered system are working D. Ensuring that test data are deleted ANSWER: B NOTE: A project team has something to learn from each and every project. As risk assessment is a key issue for project management, it is important for the organization to accumulate lessons learned and integrate them into future projects.An assessment of potential downtime should be made with the operations group and other specialists before implementing a system. Verifying that controls are working should be covered during the acceptance test phase and possibly, again, in the postimplementation review. Test data should be retained for future regression testing. 57. While reviewing the IT infrastructure, an IS auditor notices that storage resources are continuously being added. The IS auditor should: A. recommend the use of disk mirroring. B. review the adequacy of offsite storage. C. eview the capacity management process. D. recommend the use of a compression algorithm. ANSWER: C NOTE: Capacity management is the planning and monitoring of computer resources to ensure that available IT resources are used efficiently and effectively. Business criticality must be considered before recommending a disk mirroring solution and offsite storage is unrelated to the problem. Though data compression may save disk space, it could affect system performance. 58. Which of the following would be MOST important for an IS auditor to verify when conducting a business continuity audit? A.Data backups are performed on a timely basis B. A recovery site is contracted for and available as needed C. Human safety procedures a re in place D. Insurance coverage is adequate and premiums are current ANSWER: C NOTE: The most important element in any business continuity process is the protection of human life. This takes precedence over all other aspects of the plan. 59. While reviewing sensitive electronic work papers, the IS auditor noticed that they were not encrypted. This could compromise the: A. audit trail of the versioning of the work papers. B. approval of the audit phases.C. access rights to the work papers. D. confidentiality of the work papers. ANSWER: D NOTE: Encryption provides confidentiality for the electronic work papers. Audit trails, audit phase approvals and access to the work papers do not, of themselves, affect the confidentiality but are part of the reason for requiring encryption. 60. An IS auditor reviewing an accounts payable system discovers that audit logs are not being reviewed. When this issue is raised with management the response is that additional controls are not necessary bec ause effective system access controls are in place.The BEST response the auditor can make is to: A. review the integrity of system access controls. B. accept management's statement that effective access controls are in place. C. stress the importance of having a system control framework in place. D. review the background checks of the accounts payable staff. ANSWER: C NOTE: Experience has demonstrated that reliance purely on preventative controls is dangerous. Preventative controls may not prove to be as strong as anticipated or their effectiveness can deteriorate over time.Evaluating the cost of controls versus the quantum of risk is a valid management concern. However, in a high-risk system a comprehensive control framework is needed. Intelligent design should permit additional detective and corrective controls to be established that don't have high ongoing costs, e. g. , automated interrogation of logs to highlight suspicious individual transactions or data patterns. Effective ac cess controls are, in themselves, a positive but, for reasons outlined above, may not sufficiently compensate for other control weaknesses. In this situation the IS auditor needs to be proactive.The IS auditor has a fundamental obligation to point out control weaknesses that give rise to unacceptable risks to the organization and work with management to have these corrected. Reviewing background checks on accounts payable staff does not provide evidence that fraud will not occur. 61. A firewall is being deployed at a new location. Which of the following is the MOST important factor in ensuring a successful deployment? A. Reviewing logs frequently B. Testing and validating the rules C. Training a local administrator at the new location D. Sharing firewall administrative dutiesANSWER: B NOTE: A mistake in the rule set can render a firewall insecure. Therefore, testing and validating the rules is the most important factor in ensuring a successful deployment. A regular review of log fil es would not start until the deployment has been completed. Training a local administrator may not be necessary if the firewalls are managed from a central location. Having multiple administrators is a good idea, but not the most important. 62. When evaluating the controls of an EDI application, an IS auditor should PRIMARILY be concerned with the risk of: A. xcessive transaction turnaround time. B. application interface failure. C. improper transaction authorization. D. nonvalidated batch totals. ANSWER: C NOTE: Foremost among the risks associated with electronic data interchange (EDI) is improper transaction authorization. Since the interaction with the parties is electronic, there is no inherent authentication. The other choices, although risks, are not as significant. 63. The PRIMARY objective of implementing corporate governance by an organization's management is to: A. provide strategic direction. B. control business operations.C. align IT with business. D. implement best prac tices. ANSWER: A NOTE: Corporate governance is a set of management practices to provide strategic direction, thereby ensuring that goals are achievable, risks are properly addressed and organizational resources are properly utilized. Hence, the primary objective of corporate governance is to provide strategic direction. Based on the strategic direction, business operations are directed and controlled. 64. To determine if unauthorized changes have been made to production code the BEST audit procedure is to: A. xamine the change control system records and trace them forward to object code files. B. review access control permissions operating within the production program libraries. C. examine object code to find instances of changes and trace them back to change control records. D. review change approved designations established within the change control system. ANSWER: C NOTE: The procedure of examining object code files to establish instances of code changes and tracing these back t o change control system records is a substantive test that directly addresses the risk of unauthorized code changes.The other choices are valid procedures to apply in a change control audit but they do not directly address the risk of unauthorized code changes. 65. When reviewing an active project, an IS auditor observed that, because of a reduction in anticipated benefits and increased costs, the business case was no longer valid. The IS auditor should recommend that the: A. project be discontinued. B. business case be updated and possible corrective actions be identified. C. project be returned to the project sponsor for reapproval. D. project be ompleted and the business case be updated later. ANSWER: B NOTE: An IS auditor should not recommend discontinuing or completing the project before reviewing an updated business case. The IS auditor should recommend that the business case be kept current throughout the project since it is a key input to decisions made throughout the life o f any project. 66. Which of the following audit techniques would BEST aid an auditor in determining whether there have been unauthorized program changes since the last authorized program update? A. Test data run B. Code review C.Automated code comparison D. Review of code migration procedures ANSWER: C NOTE: An automated code comparison is the process of comparing two versions of the same program to determine whether the two correspond. It is an efficient technique because it is an automated procedure. Test data runs permit the auditor to verify the processing of preselected transactions, but provide no evidence about unexercised portions of a program. Code review is the process of reading program source code listings to determine whether the code contains potential errors or inefficient statements.A code review can be used as a means of code comparison but it is inefficient. The review of code migration procedures would not detect program changes. 67. Doing which of the following d uring peak production hours could result in unexpected downtime? A. Performing data migration or tape backup B. Performing preventive maintenance on electrical systems C. Promoting applications from development to the staging environment D. Replacing a failed power supply in the core router of the data center ANSWER: B NOTE: Choices A and C are processing events which may impact performance, but ould not cause downtime. Enterprise-class routers have redundant hot-swappable power supplies, so replacing a failed power supply should not be an issue. Preventive maintenance activities should be scheduled for non-peak times of the day, and preferably during a maintenance window time period. A mishap or incident caused by a maintenance worker could result in unplanned downtime. 68. Which of the following is the MOST robust method for disposing of magnetic media that contains confidential information? A. Degaussing B. Defragmenting C. Erasing D. Destroying ANSWER: DNOTE: Destroying magnetic media is the only way to assure that confidential information cannot be recovered. Degaussing or demagnetizing is not sufficient to fully erase information from magnetic media. The purpose of defragmentation is to eliminate fragmentation in file systems and does not remove information. Erasing or deleting magnetic media does not remove the information; this method simply changes a file's indexing information. 69. The MAIN criterion for determining the severity level of a service disruption incident is: A. cost of recovery. B. negative public opinion. C. geographic location. D. downtime.ANSWER: D NOTE: The longer the period of time a client cannot be serviced, the greater the severity of the incident. The cost of recovery could be minimal yet the service downtime could have a major impact. Negative public opinion is a symptom of an incident. Geographic location does not determine the severity of the incident. 70. During the design of a business continuity plan, the business impact a nalysis (BIA) identifies critical processes and supporting applications. This will PRIMARILY influence the: A. responsibility for maintaining the business continuity plan. B. criteria for selecting a recovery site provider.C. recovery strategy. D. responsibilities of key personnel. ANSWER: C NOTE: The most appropriate strategy is selected based on the relative risk level and criticality identified in the business impact analysis (BIA. ), The other choices are made after the selection or design of the appropriate recovery strategy. 71. What is the lowest level of the IT governance maturity model where an IT balanced scorecard exists? A. Repeatable but Intuitive B. Defined C. Managed and Measurable D. Optimized ANSWER: B NOTE: Defined (level 3) is the lowest level at which an IT balanced scorecard is defined. 2. During the system testing phase of an application development project the IS auditor should review the: A. conceptual design specifications. B. vendor contract. C. error repor ts. D. program change requests. ANSWER: C NOTE: Testing is crucial in determining that user requirements have been validated. The IS auditor should be involved in this phase and review error reports for their precision in recognizing erroneous data and review the procedures for resolving errors. A conceptual design specification is a document prepared during the requirements definition phase. A vendor ontract is prepared during a software acquisition process. Program change requests would normally be reviewed as a part of the postimplementation phase. 73. When reviewing procedures for emergency changes to programs, the IS auditor should verify that the procedures: A. allow changes, which will be completed using after-the-fact follow-up. B. allow undocumented changes directly to the production library. C. do not allow any emergency changes. D. allow programmers permanent access to production programs. ANSWER: A NOTE: There may be situations where emergency fixes are required to resol ve system problems.This involves the use of special logon IDs that grant programmers temporary access to production programs during emergency situations. Emergency changes should be completed using after-the-fact follow-up procedures, which ensure that normal procedures are retroactively applied; otherwise, production may be impacted. Changes made in this fashion should be held in an emergency library from where they can be moved to the production library, following the normal change management process. Programmers should not directly alter the production library nor should they be allowed permanent access to production programs. 4. Though management has stated otherwise, an IS auditor has reasons to believe that the organization is using software that is not licensed. In this situation, the IS auditor should: A. include the statement of management in the audit report. B. identify whether such software is, indeed, being used by the organization. C. reconfirm with management the usag e of the software. D. discuss the issue with senior management since reporting this could have a negative impact on the organization. ANSWER: B NOTE: When there is an indication that an organization might be using nlicensed software, the IS auditor should obtain sufficient evidence before including it in the report. With respect to this matter, representations obtained from management cannot be independently verified. If the organization is using software that is not licensed, the auditor, to maintain objectivity and independence, must include this in the report. 75. Which of the following would be BEST prevented by a raised floor in the computer machine room? A. Damage of wires around computers and servers B. A power failure from static electricity C. Shocks from earthquakes D. Water flood damage ANSWER: ANOTE: The primary reason for having a raised floor is to enable power cables and data cables to be installed underneath the floor. This eliminates the safety and damage risks pose d when cables are placed in a spaghetti-like fashion on an open floor. Static electricity should be avoided in the machine room; therefore, measures such as specially manufactured carpet or shoes would be more appropriate for static prevention than a raised floor. Raised floors do not address shocks from earthquakes. To address earthquakes, anti-seismic architecture would be required to establish a quake-resistant structural framework.Computer equipment needs to be protected against water. However, a raised floor would not prevent damage to the machines in the event of overhead water pipe leakage. 76. The network of an organization has been the victim of several intruders' attacks. Which of the following measures would allow for the early detection of such incidents? A. Antivirus software B. Hardening the servers C. Screening routers D. Honeypots ANSWER: D NOTE: Honeypots can collect data on precursors of attacks. Since they serve no business function, honeypots are hosts that have no authorized users other than the honeypot administrators.All activity directed at them is considered suspicious. Attackers will scan and attack honeypots, giving administrators data on new trends and attack tools, particularly malicious code. However, honeypots are a supplement to, not a replacement for, properly securing networks, systems and applications. If honeypots are to be used by an organization, qualified incident handlers and intrusion detection analysts should manage them. The other choices do not provide indications of potential attacks. 77. The purpose of a deadman door controlling access to a computer facility is primarily to: A. prevent piggybacking.B. prevent toxic gases from entering the data center. C. starve a fire of oxygen. D. prevent an excessively rapid entry to, or exit from, the facility. ANSWER: A NOTE: The purpose of a deadman door controlling access to a computer facility is primarily intended to prevent piggybacking. Choices B and C could be accomplish ed with a single self-closing door. Choice D is invalid, as a rapid exit may be necessary in some circumstances, e. g. , a fire. 78. The MOST important reason for an IS auditor to obtain sufficient and appropriate audit evidence is to: A. comply with regulatory requirements. B. rovide a basis for drawing reasonable conclusions. C. ensure complete audit coverage. D. perform the audit according to the defined scope. ANSWER: B NOTE: The scope of an IS audit is defined by its objectives. This involves identifying control weaknesses relevant to the scope of the audit. Obtaining sufficient and appropriate evidence assists the auditor in not only identifying control weaknesses but also documenting and validating them. Complying with regulatory requirements, ensuring coverage and the execution of audit are all relevant to an audit but are not the reason why sufficient and relevant evidence is required. 9. During the audit of a database server, which of the following would be considered the GREATEST exposure? A. The password does not expire on the administrator account B. Default global security settings for the database remain unchanged C. Old data have not been purged D. Database activity is not fully logged ANSWER: B NOTE: Default security settings for the database could allow issues like blank user passwords or passwords that were the same as the username. Logging all database activity is not practical. Failure to purge old data may present a performance issue but is not an immediate security concern.Choice A is an exposure but not as serious as B. 80. An IS auditor finds that a DBA has read and write access to production data. The IS auditor should: A. accept the DBA access as a common practice. B. assess the controls relevant to the DBA function. C. recommend the immediate revocation of the DBA access to production data. D. review user access authorizations approved by the DBA. ANSWER: B NOTE: It is good practice when finding a potential exposure to look for the best controls. Though granting the database administrator (DBA) access to production data might be a common practice, the IS auditor should evaluate the relevant controls.The DBA should have access based on a need-to-know and need-to-do basis; therefore, revocation may remove the access required. The DBA, typically, may need to have access to some production data. Granting user authorizations is the responsibility of the data owner and not the DBA. 81. What should be the GREATEST concern to an IS auditor when employees use portable media (MP3 players, flash drives)? A. The copying of sensitive data on them B. The copying of songs and videos on them C. The cost of these devices multipl