Sparta Vs Athens Essays - Sparta, Athenian Democracy, Ancient Greece

Sparta Vs Athens annon In Ancient Greece there were two different major forms of government, Oligarchy and Democracy. The two city-states that best represent each form of government were Sparta (oligarchy) and Athens (democracy). The democratic government in Athens, though de cently equal, fair and fairly advanced for its time, did not meet the needs of the Greeks. During a time of many military battles Athens decided to worry more about comfort and culture. It is the oligarchy in Sparta that put a war-like attitude as it's first priority and best met the needs of Ancient Greece. The Athenian democratic government, which may have given the citizens in Greece more freedom, was not the best form of government at the time. The democracy in Athens cannot really be called a true democracy since there were several flaws in the governme nt and the way it worked. Only ten per cent of the total population of Athens actually had voting rights and all of these citizens were upper class men who were over thirty years old. Women, no matter what the class or age, were given no freedom at all. They were first owned by their fathers and then were passed from them to their husbands who then gave them nothing more than the responsibilities of managing the household and educating the children. During a meeting of the Assembly, a policy could be adopted and formed into a law but once the meeting of the assembly ended, the enforcement of that law was left in the hands of people who may not agree with that specific law. Also, a rule of the Assembly said that if a certa! in speaker became too powerful, he could be expelled from the country if given a majority vote by the Assembly. This rule could easily be abused and really infringed on the freedom of speech that most democracies have. The Assembly was made up of five hundred men who were chosen from a list of those who were eligible to serve on the council. Since most of the population was of a lower economic class, the time taken away from their normal work by serving on the Assembly lowered their earning potential , causing their already poor situation to worsen. Life may have been sophisticated and graceful in Athens but the Athenians were often mocked by opposing countries and other city-states for having no bravery, patriotism or courage. This was shown by the repeated attacks on Athens. If the Athenians had a more war-like reputation, they probably could have avoided many of those conflicts that eventually led to the loss of the power Athens held in Ancient Greece. In the city-state of Sparta, the government was controlled by an oligarchy in which the power was held by a group of five men called ephors. It may not seem very fair that the citizens had little say in the decisions made by the government but, at the ti me, this was the better government. The Spartans needed to give up comfort and culture for a more disciplined military approach to control the rebelling Messenians which eventually turned them into a deadly war machine. Over the years, the Spartan's r uthless and brutal reputation in war grew so large that other nations and city-states were so frightened that they would not attack Sparta even though the Spartan army was not more larger then eight thousand men. The Spartan men in the army would start t heir military training at the age of seven and were trained to be tough and very self-sufficient. Every man in the army would fight with a great deal of passion for his country. Life in Sparta may have been rough but the res! t of the Greeks envied the Spartans for their simplicity, straight forwardness, and fanatical dedication. There was a law in Sparta that banned all foreign trade and foreign travelling. This kept out all foreign ideas and allowed them to have the eleme nt of surprise when it came to attacks. This law did not affect their economy, which was already self-sufficient. Unlike the rest of Greek women, Spartan women had the freedom of equal rights except for voting rights. Since men were in the military, the women had full authority over their households and weren't forced into a life of only childbearing and housekeeping like the Athenian woman. The best example of why the Spartan government was better then the Athenian government happened in 404 B.C. when the Spartan army were able to conquer the mighty power known as Athens.

Alferis words Essay Example

Alferis words Essay Example Alferis words Paper Alferis words Paper Eddie feels he is forced to ring the immigration bureau and all this because of jealousy. His jealousy built up as Catherine became more independent and mature. He realized she was slipping away from his grasp and dislikes it.Eddies own words were,  You can quicker get back a million dollars that was stole than a word you gave away.  Eddie betrayed his own beliefs, and lost the respect of the whole community and his honor because of jealousy Eddie, who ignored Alferis words of warning, You wont have a friend in the world, Eddie! Even those who understand will turn against you,  And all this because of the protectiveness and jealousy he didnt want to watch Catherine marrying.  Alfieri is one of the characters that is aware of Eddies motives behind his actions. Eddie visits Alfieri twice during the play once at the end of act one when Eddie is beginning to see that Catherine is in love with Rodolpho and Eddies jealousy is beginning to climax and also at the beginning of act two when Eddies has had enough and his heart tells him to do the wrong thing. Eddie you mean to tell me that theres no law that a guy which he aint right can go to work and marry a girl and ?  Eddie is speaking to Alfieri and you see that Eddies jealousy is greater than ever. Hes telling Alfieri that Rodolpho aint right implying that hes gay. Eddie is trying to find anything that will be able to stop the marriage between his Catherine and Rodolpho.  Alfieri is aware of why Eddie is visiting him. Alfieri sees that his love for his niece is greater than his love for his wife and Eddies jealousy for Rodolpho has forced Eddie to visit Alfieri to find a law that would stop the marriage. Alfieri But, Eddie, shes a woman now  Eddie Hes stealing from me!  Alfieri She wants to get married, Eddie. She cant marry you, can she?  Alfieri sees that Eddie looks at Catherine as more than just a niece. Eddie says Hes stealing from me implying that Catherine is his but Alfieri then says that  she cant marry you, can she so here you know that Alfieri is aware of Eddies love for his niece and he sees that sooner or later Eddie was going to do something very stupid because of his love and jealousy towards Catherine and Rodolphos relationship.  In Eddies second visit to Alfieri Eddie tries to dig deeper to find something that would stop the marriage. Alfieris last words to Eddie were. Alfieri When the law is wrong its because its unnatural, but in this case it is natural and a river will drown you if you buck it now. Let her go. And bless her.Somebody had to come for her Eddie sooner or later. You wont have a friend in the world, Eddie ! Even those who understand will turn against you, even the ones who feel the same will despite you!  Alfieri sees what Eddie is going to resort too and by saying you wont have a friend in the world hes trying to worn him off ringing the immigration bureau but Eddies love for his niece tells him to do the wrong thing. Beatrice was also one of the characters that were aware of his true feelings behind his motives but she gave the impression of being scared to say anything. Beatrice is seen as a timid person and wouldnt confront Eddie as he dominates her decisions and in a way scares her. Beatrice leaves the situation to begin with but as Eddie persists to be overprotective and begins interfering with Catherine and Rodolphos relationship she tries to make Catherine aware of Eddies motives behind his actions. We see a long duologue between Eddie and Beatrice that makes us realize that Beatrice is aware of Eddies motives when Eddie becomes agitated when Catherine is out,  When he aint working. He aint supposed to go advertising himself.  We know Catherine and Rodolpo have been dating for two weeks and are at the pictures when the scene opens. It is clear Eddies concern has grown; he pretends he is worried for Rodolphos safety, although it is obvious he is only becoming agitated at the thought of them being together out of his sight. Beatrice senses his distrust and jealousy,  (Smiling) Ah, go on, youre just jealous.  However, she keeps her feelings safe by presenting her thoughts almost as a joke and ignoring the fact she sees that Eddie loves Catherine really.  She trys to make Catherine aware of his feelings for her but Catherine is naà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ve and disillusioned by what Beatrice is trying to tell her.  But if you act like a baby hell b treatin you like a baby. Like when he comes home sometimes you throw yourself at him like when you was twelve years old  Beatrice is trying to tell Catherine that shes acting flirtatious round him and shes doing the wrong thing seen as though shes nearly a grown woman. Beatrice Sit down honey, I wanna tell you something. Here sit down. Was there ever any fella he liked for you? There wasnt was there?  Catherine But he says Rodolpho just after his papers  Beatrice Hell say anything. What does he care what he says? If it was a prince came here for you it would be no different. You know that dont you  Beatrice is subtlety trying to tell her that Eddie doesnt want to loose her and his jealousy wont let her go. Also by saying if it was a prince that came here for you it would be no different shes trying to tell Catherine that he has an attraction for her and that there will never be a man good enough for his Catherine.  Catherine is Eddie Madonna meaning he worships her and loves her. In his eyes he cant let her go but Catherine cant understand why.  Eddies jealousy then has a detrimental effect on Beatrice and Eddies relationship.  Eddies love for his niece Catherine interferes with their relationship. Beatrice feels as though she is second best to her own niece. Eddies jealousy has taken over their marriage. When am I going to be a wife again?  I aint been feeling good. They bother me since they came  In her desperate search to be accepted she even blames herself. From the start we saw how Eddie was in charge of the relationship, but now Beatrice is angered by his lack of attention  Eddie I want you to cut it out, right now, you hear me.  In Beatrices frustration she has stood up to him. The blatant accusing only frustrates and complicates Eddies thoughts, and it becomes clear their relationship is starting to break up. This is just from Eddies anger and jealousy toward Catherine and Rodolpho, not only is his marriage breaking apart but his relationship with Catherine is too. Eddie uses the excuse to cover up the fact he has more love for Catherine than Beatrice and Beatrice feels as though its pushing them further apart and is very fed up of not being loved because of Eddies jealousy.  Irony is a very important part to the play A View from the Bridge and also makes Eddies jealousy noticeable.  When Eddie warns Catherine and Beatrice that they must never discuss the submarine it is a strong example of prophetic irony because it foretells how Eddie will make his major error in judgment when he betrays Marco and Rodolpho along with the Lipari Cousins. Eddies humiliated and publicly accused by Marco. Just remember kid you can quicker get back a million dollars that was stole than a word you gave away  This is the warning Eddie gave to Beatrice and Catherine telling them not to mention anything about Rodolpho and Marco to anyone but in the end it was Eddie who went against his own words.  Alfieri was another person who also warned Eddie from doing the wrong thing  you wont have a friend in the world Eddie  But Eddie still doesnt listen to his warning and in the end turns into tragedy in Eddies death. In a view from the bridge Eddie realizes when its too late and hes dying that Beatrice love him and he loves Beatrice. He realizes that it was impossible to keep Catherine as he had tried and it was inevitable that one day he would have to let her go.  Eddies secret desire for Catherine is also incorporated in his self interest because all he could think of was himself and he didnt look at how happy Catherine and Rodolpho were, all he cared about was jealousy an trying to break them up by phoning the immigration bureau but all this caused was Catherine and himself to grow apart and for Catherine to finally see what type of a man he really was.  Eddie jealousy leads to the huge tragedy at the end. Instead of putting his feelings aside for Catherine he left them grow until his outburst of jealousy turned into tragedy and in the end he realizes what a terrible mistake he has made.

Increase Productivity and Safety at Night Shift Research Proposal

Increase Productivity and Safety at Night Shift - Research Proposal Example Production department is the most important section for the successful operation of the business. Business organizations strive on the efficiency and capability of its production team who provide quality and quantity goods and services to the customers of organization. As the demands for the products grow in numbers, it has become necessary for the organizations to operate 24/7 and employ more number of people so that the market demand could be met easily. As Coleman (1995) pointed out that businesses can run 24 hours for various reasons which includes customers demand, can be considered as the most economical option or the process requires it. Even in organizations where the operations run on continuous basis without switching the process, the workload is balanced in every shift so as to increase the efficiency of processing during the night hours. Working on the night shifts is more difficult than the day shift. This is because there is the issue of fatigue and loss of concentratio n that affect quality. Aside this, there are also safety issues that relate to concerns about going to work, staying safe at work and going back home from work, if one is on the night shift. The present research proposes to conduct an intensive study into the measures and facilities that could be improved and developed to increase the safety and production capacity during night shifts Statement of the Problem Why there is a need to study the ill effects of working during night shifts; is a critical and serious question. ... Also, Thorpy & Billiard (2011, p412) identified that many motor accidents that occur before daybreak can be attributed to tired drivers who have worked through the night. In view of these risks associated with night shifts and it’s continuance in manufacturing industries in spite of so many tragic incidents, it is clear that maintaining a night shift enables a manufacturing company to do more and increase production volumes. It is therefore an important element of organizations and must be kept as productive as the daytime shift. The research therefore examines the issues with safety, security and productivity with the night shift and how these issues can be handled by management of a manufacturing entity. Problems with the Night Shift Demand for increased production due to global competition and just in time manufacturing methods have forced most of the companies to adopt 24 hours working schedule in order to stay economically active and meet the consumer demand. Operating in dustrial processes around the clock forces the employees to remain awake at night contrary to their normal biological rhythms resulting in increased fatigue and reduced alertness and productivity (Gupta, 2006). According to Sharman and Sharman (2008) working during night time upsets the body’s natural process and health effects go far beyond sleep deprivation, decreased concentration, creativity short term memory and decision making ability. According to Folkard and Tucker (2003) the number of people at work and nature of their work vary across shifts as long runs were often saved for night shift with reduced supervision of operations. It is further analyzed on the basis of three different studies on real job measures for 24 hour day operated organization

The first paper will be an individual evaluation of the importance of Essay

The first paper will be an individual evaluation of the importance of being a learned person in a 21st century socioeconomic soc - Essay Example The words is normally used for individuals holding bachelors, masters and PhD degrees but have varied knowledge in other important subject matters of society. This is differed from an educated person who depicts characteristics like having a college or high school diploma. The educated person displays civilized behaviors representing his or her stay at school. The educated individual understands the moral civic and social responsibilities. In simple terms, they hold some unique capabilities that uneducated individuals do not have. Society usually consists of both of these individuals and the uneducated people. This essay therefore, seeks to explain the role of critical thinking and being a learned person in the society. It focusses this on commerce in a society with modern technology. Critical thinking is an integral characteristic of a learned person. Being a leaned individual in a society comes with numerous responsibilities. Learned individuals are regarded as the light of the soc iety and their opinion counts in every issue affecting society. These include opinions on technology, politics, philosophy and commerce. The definition of critical thinking is the intellectual practice of conceptualizing, scrutinizing and applying skills as a framework to action and belief. It includes analyzing the sources of information too. In its unique form, it bases on conventional values that govern subject matter divisions. This definition is important since society includes different fields and subject matter that are of contention. This as a character of learned individuals improves society’s understanding of these contentious issues. Critical thinking is totally different from being augmentative. It also does not mean the character of criticizing fellow individuals in society. In a modern society, critical thinking abilities are used in revealing bad reasoning and fallacies. The economy in a society is a main issue that requires critical thinking to enhance. Critic al thinking plays the important part in constructive task forming and cooperative reasoning. Through these characteristics, the commerce in the society grows. Commerce is a section of any business that concerns itself with exchange of goods and services (Dyer 5). This entails all the direct and indirect activities that facilitate the exchange. In a modern society, commerce gets enhancements from over the edge technology. The development of technology cannot be attributed to any other thing that learned individuals. Through critical thing, the learned individuals develop new ways of making business more efficient and faster. They develop new accounting methods, business development strategies and future research. Learned individuals in the field of computer science have such technological tasks in the society. Critical thinking helps the society to strengthen existing arguments on commerce, acquire knowledge and improve theories. This is achievable through initiation of learned perso ns in the field of business and commerce. The society employs critical thinking to improve work practices and progress social organizations. The society consists of populations with wants. These include secondary and basic wants, which are never ending. Social welfares are promoted in the society through commerce. This is to the sense that the innumerable wants of people in the society are met. For this wants to be met critical thinking is

WEEK 6 SQ Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

WEEK 6 SQ - Essay Example Twenty packages are inserted in a box for shipment. To test the weight of the boxes, a few were checked. The mean weight was 20.4 pounds, the standard deviation 0.5 pounds. How many boxes must the processor sample to be 95 percent confident that the sample mean does not differ from the population mean by more than .2 pounds? Ch.10-6 The MacBurger restaurant chain claims that the waiting time of customers for service is normally distributed, with a mean of 3 minutes and a standard deviation of 1 minute. The quality assurance department found in a sample of 50 customers at the Warren Road MacBurger that the mean waiting time was 2.75 minutes. At the .05 significance level, can we conclude that the mean waiting time is less than 3 minutes? The p-value is the probability of finding a z value less than -1.77. From Appendix D, the probability of a z value between zero and -1.77 is .4616. So the p-value is .0384 (0.5000 – 0.4616 = 0.0384). Ch. 10-18 The management of White Industries is considering a new method of assembling its golf cart. The present method requires 42.3 minutes, on the average, to assemble a cart. The mean assembly time for a random sample of 24 carts, using the new method, was 40.6 minutes, and the standard deviation of the sample was 2.7 minutes. Using the .10 level of significance, can we conclude that the assembly time using the new method is faster? Ch. 11-24 Clark Heter is an industrial engineer at Lyons Products. He would like to determine whether there are more units produced on the afternoon shift than on the day shift. A sample of 54 day-shift workers showed that the mean number of units produced was 345, with a standard deviation of 21. a sample of 60 afternoon-shift workers showed that the mean number of units produced was 351, with a standard deviation of 28 units. At the .05 significance level, is the number of units produced on the afternoon shift larger? Ch. 11-38 Two boats, the Prada

The Marketing Audits Lo1 Marketing Essay

The Marketing Audits Lo1 Marketing Essay a. There are two components of marketing environment micro and macro components some of these are uncontrollable and some of them are controllable. Political, economic, Social, Technological, Legal forces, and indirect competitors are macro components of this environment. These are also uncontrollable forces. Customers, direct competitors, distributors, suppliers, sources of finance and the public are the micro components of the environment. The audit is the means by which a company can understand how it is related and integrated to the environment in which it operates. Audit divided into two parts, which are external and internal audit. Market is subject to continuous change so marketing techniques adopted by a company needs to be dynamic and open to changes. If a company is not ready to embrace the new challenges and opportunities that a changing, developing market has to offer it is doom to diminish its activities. Therefore, like financial auditing marketing auditing is essential before introducing a new marketing plan. For instance, McDonalds did not pay attention to the changing needs of customers and altering market. McDonalds eventually changed its longer-term strategic marketing plan after gaining a dull understanding of the market. There are number of techniques and tools to assess organizational capabilities such as Value chain analysis, SWOT Analysis, TOWS Analysis, Porters Five Forces, and BCG Matrix. Lets assume that Starbucks is using Value Chain Analysis. It will go through these points to fully analyze it. Inbound Logistics: To acquire one of the highest quality beans available Starbucks collaborated with a little town to buy the entire stock of beans available. Operations: the beans that are bought are roasted in Starbucks own roaster and if the sample is not in the same quality with the other samples it is being discarded. Therefore, it is a pretty complex operations system. Marketing and Sales: TV advertisements are not Starbucks priority. Instead, it is using the most powerful tool; word of mouth marketing and conduct some promotions. Because, it claims to offer more than coffee, which is Starbucks experience, company are not offering so many promotions and advertisement. Human Resource Management: Training of all employees is extremely important. Employees are valued and there is a really low turnover rate. Administration: Starbucks is avoiding becoming a traditional organization. Therefore, it doesnt have a formal organizational chart. Macintosh HD:Users:sara:Desktop:Screen Shot 2012-06-25 at 5.04.08 PM.png As the above example shows, it is inevitable to say that even a quick analysis (internal/external) is a must when considering forming a marketing plan in this volatile market environment. b. For auditing the organization, we should look at the capabilities of a firm. Our goal is to identify the firms strengths as compared to requirements of the market. Following capabilities can be examined while auditing the organization. Corporate capabilities, Resource audit, Utilization of resources, financial measures, Comparative analysis There are number of techniques and tools to assess organizational capabilities such as Value chain analysis, SWOT Analysis and BCG Matrix. For Starbucks Ive chose to conduct SWOT Analysis. SWOT Analysis SWOT ANALYSIS is used for measuring the organizations internal assessment. Strengths: Starbucks offer quality coffee and an experience for customers, which increase brand loyalty and customer satisfaction. Starbucks has high brand equity. Starbucks is operating in 40 countries worldwide with offering same quality. Product diversification is high Very recognized logo and brand High visibility locations is a good way of attracting customers and staling share from the competitors Good relationship with suppliers Good working environment, happy employees lead to satisfied customers Weaknesses: Prices are higher compared to competitors. Operating costs are high. Profit of the business depends on coffee prices. Starbucks is so much focusing on expansion, internal focus is ignored Threats: Increasing number of competitors. Health conscious people decreasing the coffee consumption. US market saturation and increasing unemployment rate Coffee price extremely dependent on developing countries Opportunities: Entering India, Pakistan and other countries with high population Whole bean sales in supermarkets Adding new products Technological advances New distribution channels PEST Analysis PEST ANALYSIS is used for measuring the organizations goals against influences and demands of environment. It is a very efficient tool to assess external (uncontrollable) factors in the market. Political: Relationship between US and countries producing coffee beans The political stability of the countries in potential destinations The political stability of the countries, which provides raw materials to Starbucks Environmental regulations Industry-specific regulations Economic: Demand for food and beverages Customers purchasing power Exchange rate taxation Tariffs quotes Unemployment rates in potential destinations Social: Current trends in coffee shops around world Consumer Preferences Changes in lifestyle and occupation Education of employees and customers Technology: RD in manufacturing RD in biotech and agriculture RD in IT Following social media strategies Macintosh HD:Users:sara:Desktop:Screen Shot 2012-06-25 at 12.37.59 AM.png Task 2- Barriers to Marketing Planning LO2: a. McDonald defines 5 areas in marketing planning that may have problems, which are cultural, behavioral, cognitive, systems procedures and resources. Cultural- lack of belief in planning or need for change Behavioral- lack of top management support, lack of team coherence Cognitive- lack of knowledge and skill Systems procedures- lack of data Resources- lack of time, people and money More in depth the barriers are, 1. Confusion between marketing tactics and strategy, 2. Isolating the marketing function from operations, 3. Confusion between the marketing function and the marketing concept. 4. Organizational barriers -the tribal mentality, for example the failure to define strategic business units (SBUs) correctly. 5. Lack of in-depth analysis, 6. Confusion between process and output. 7. Lack of knowledge and skills. 8. Lack of a systematic approach to marketing planning, 9. Failure to prioritize objectives, 10. Hostile corporate cultures b. Ten S Framework In order to overcome the above barriers McDonalds Ten S Framework can be used. If they follow this circle strategically Macintosh HD:Users:sara:Desktop:Screen Shot 2012-06-25 at 2.43.09 AM.png According to Mc Donald, Principle I: Developing the strategic marketing plan. In this plan, the period should be between three and five years. Principle 2: Marketing function should be as close as possible to the consumers. Principle 3: Define clearly what is marketing. Principle 4: Company activities should be organized around customer groups and market segments. Principle 5: Scan the environment thoroughly (PEST analysis etc.) Principle 6: Scanning the internal environment (SWOT Analysis) Principle 7: Marketing personnel must have skills and technical knowledge for the job. Principle 8: Prepare written procedures, as it is a common and systematic format for marketing planning. Principle 9: Objectives should be prioritized according to allocation of resources, their urgency. Principle 10: Organization should make sure to have the active support and participation of culture leaders. Task 3- The Marketing Plan LO3: Starbucks needs to be innovative as the market is so harsh and it has lots of competitors. In addition to that, profit margins of Starbucks are low so it has to offer the same good quality. Also in order to keep and increase brand loyalty, Starbucks has to offer different ideas all the time. As people get bored easily of products and services offered. Starbucks is trying to find and embrace new ideas all the time, they have a website called My Starbucks Idea for people. Community shares their ideas in this platform and maybe Starbucks would apply some of them  [1]  . Developing meaningful products and services for long-term success. Innovative solutions are developed to improve peoples lives and to increase demand to the firm. Also, innovation makes businesses to think about why it wants to do something. It makes businesses to look ahead and think about the possible problems that could be solved. This can be achieved through thinking outside the box. New product development is an essential section of any company marketing strategy. There are some ways for new product development. For instance developing/creating products that are totally new to the world (Tablet computers), Product improvements (Panthene Shampoos with conditioner), product modifications (mobile phones), new brands. Starbucks can use these 4 ways to develop products. When we apply these techniques to Starbucks and its products; Products new to the world: Frozen Starbucks coffee cubes. Product improvements: Coffee mocha that makes you sleep better and tastes stronger. Product modifications: Coffee without any fat. Cappuccino with more skimming. New brands: Starbucks for juniors-Starkids. Pricing: There are several ways for pricing such as price making, price taking, niche marketing, cost-based pricing, market-oriented pricing, price skimming, and price penetration etc. Among these pricing techniques Starbucks can use price making for new products. Since, Starbucks is the market leader. It has the opportunity to dictate the market prices. Price makers can also manipulate the prices more easily to adjust market conditions. Therefore, the autonomy of control is much higher. Distribution: Manufacturers can sell directly to customers. Manufacturers can sell to retailers and then to customers or manufacturer can sell to wholesaler, wholesaler can sell to retailer and retailer can sell to customer. In this case, Starbucks is the manufacturer, wholesaler (selling to other retailers such as Krogers etc.) and the retailer. In addition to that, instead of traditional ways of distribution a company can use vertical marketing channel too. In this model, all three functions are integrated. Manufacturer is also in contact with the wholesaler and with the retailer. This includes sharing information, and know-how to ensure that the requirements of customers are always treated as the priority. This is an effective model for Starbucks as it is modern and suitable for Starbucks. In addition to distribution method, company also needs to decide on the distribution intensity of its products such as exclusive, selective and intensive distribution. When it comes to distribution intensity, intensive distribution method is appropriate for Starbucks. Macintosh HD:Users:sara:Desktop:Screen Shot 2012-06-25 at 9.20.43 PM.png Communicating: The communication tools are advertising, radio, magazines, television channels, direct marketing, personal selling, promotions, exhibitions, telemarketing, events, public relations, sponsorship, and merchandising. Marketing communications (promotion) mix for Starbucks. Advertising: If Starbucks opens new location reminder advertising should be done. If Starbucks wants to inform and emphasize the guaranteed satisfaction for consumers persuasive advertising should be done. If Starbucks creates a new flavor for a beverage informative advertising should be done. Public relations: This is an important strategy for Starbucks as it is an essential strategy for community relationship. In addition to that, celebrity endorsement can be a vital strategy to target younger consumers. Social Media Marketing: In todays world consumers are very connected and social. Therefore, it is extremely important for companies to stay connected with potential consumers. d. The new product for Starbucks is create your own Frappuccino. Firstly, we need a review of the environment (PEST and SWOT). Then we need to conduct 7P Analysis then we need a review of the marketing system. The next thing to do is clarifying goals and objectives. If our objectives and strategies are feasible in terms of the market share, sales, costs and profits we can continue with our plan, if not we should revise our company goals. Finally, we can establish targets and standards. Analysis stage Marketing audit, environmental and organizational analysis (see task 1 for SWOT and PEST) Planning stage Setting objectives is in this part. Customize your Frappuccino will earn 20% of the market share within 2 years is our new goal for the new product. Implementation stage Promotion mix: Informative TV and magazine advertisings for the new product should be done. Also, through Facebook and Twitter social media campaigns will be started. Pricing: As the leader of the market, we make the price. For a limited time Customized Frappuccinos are for 4 $ (additional fees may occur due to seasonal changes and excessive amount of selections). Distribution: Same strategy vertical marketing channel applies here too. In addition to these, we target people around 15- 45 who enjoy trying new things and have an independent personality. Monitoring stage The last stage in the marketing planning process is where we monitor the plans performance. This diagram can be used in order to assess and monitor the achievement of the plan. One of our short-term goals might be increasing the awareness of this product 30% by the end of two months in Berlin. What is happening? Are we close to achieve it? Why or why not? Macintosh HD:Users:sara:Desktop:Screen Shot 2012-06-26 at 1.19.05 AM.png Task 4- Ethical Issues LO4 : a. Some ethical issues in marketing are product recalls, product issues, product market research, pricing issues (price fixing, predatory pricing etc.). Considering these headings, Starbucks have couple of ethical issues, which are also taken into account by social media too. First of all, for years Starbucks claimed their cups are disposable/ green but consumers learnt that it wasnt recyclable. This is a product issue  [2]  . There is also another issue that Starbucks is making every other small coffee shops close their doors. Therefore, it is decreasing the competition by acquiring more and more places (to be more convenient), which can also be discussed whether it is ethical or not. Since, Starbucks is a very big company and has good relationship with the coffee beans suppliers, it is buying all of the premium coffee beans in a very small town, which is unfair to other competitors. b. Marketing Mix Ethical Issues: Because, Starbucks advertised its coffee cups as green it is false or misleading advertising. This may damage the reputation of the company and decrease brand loyalty. One of the major ethical problem and its implication on the distribution is the restrictions of supply. There is a small town, which produces high quality, premium coffee beans and their product is bought buy Starbucks only. Starbucks buy large quantities of coffee beans compared to its competitors throughout the world therefore it is inevitable to state that Starbucks both will have negative and positive image among consumers, competitors and media. Ethical issues will arise, the main success is diminishing and eliminating this ethical issues with sponsorship or good corporate relationships. Personal selling and counterfeiting (other ethical issues) dont apply to Starbucks case. c. Starbucks is the only coffee shop (comparing to Costa or Coffee Nero) that sells fair trade coffee. Fairtrade guarantees a minimum price that tracks slightly above market rates, the Rainforest Alliance label only guarantees that 30% of coffee beans in a product have been certified  [3]  . In my point of view, the main ethical issue Starbucks is their strategy of expanding. It ignores other smaller shops and other locally owned coffee shops go out of business and face bankruptcy. The Fairtrade Mark guarantees that Third World producers get a superior arrangement for the goods that they develop.

Immoral or Unconstitutional Government Decrees :: Politics Political Essays

Immoral or Unconstitutional Government Decrees Imagine this scenario and let's do a thought experiment. I'm ordered by the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) to perform, without compensation, cleaning services at a local senior citizen retirement home. I've not been found guilty in a court of law of a crime for which I'm being punished. I've simply been ordered by DHHS to work at the senior citizen home in the name of promoting the public welfare. Failure to comply means going to jail. I might seek a court injunction against DHHS's edit. But suppose the court ruled that DHHS had the authority to order me to perform cleaning services at senior citizen homes. I might take my complaint all the way to the U.S. Supreme Court only for the Court to rule: yes, under the U.S. Constitution's welfare clause, and the authority it gives Congress, I'm compelled as ordered by DHHS to perform cleaning services. My question to you is now that the courts have ruled, should I simply comply? You might rejoin by suggesting that the question cannot be answered unless additional information is supplied such as: Did Congress properly vote to authorize DHHS to order me to clean senior citizen homes? Did DHHS single me out or are other Americans assigned similar tasks? In other words, was there invidious discrimination? My response to your first set of questions is what does a vote have to do with the rightness or wrongness of the DHHS mandate? Would one determine the rightness or wrongness of rape, murder, theft and slavery by whether there was majority vote? To the second question, I would also ask does the rightness or wrongness of an act depend upon the number of people, a hundred people or millions of people, forcibly used to serve the purposes of another? Was slavery in our country okay because 4 million blacks were enslaved instead of just one? Does equality in servitude make servitude just? One might rejoin by saying, "All those arguments are neither here nor there; the law is the law and people should obey." I say balderdash! South Africa used to have apartheid laws that strictly controlled where blacks could live, work, and eat. Nazi Germany had anti-Semitic laws. In United States there was the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850. Would you have obeyed those laws? Would you have approved of and sought prosecution of white employers who hired black workers in contravention of job reservation laws that were a part of South Africa's Civilized Labour Policy?

Evolution of Theoretical Knowledge of nursing Essay

The ultimate goal of the nurse is to maintain, and restore the health of the patient. Nursing is considered both a â€Å"science† and an â€Å"art†. The application of nursing knowledge and the technical aspects of the practice is considered the â€Å"science†. The establishment of a caring relationship through the application of nursing knowledge and judgment is used in a compassionate manner and is seen as an â€Å"art†. (College of Nurses 1999 June Nursing and You Volume1, number 3 p3) This paper will attempt to explain the four concepts of the nursing metapardigm as it relates to the person environment, health and nursing. A person is seen as an individual possessing their own uniqueness, personalities and having their individual needs. A person should be treated with respect and dignity regardless of their cultural, religious, socio-economic class, marital status or sexual preferences. The individual should not encounter any bias or discrimination in school, employment or when the need arises for medical care. Each person has their basic needs that must be met while progressing through the different stages of development. One should be given choices, and be allowed to have an input in their care or treatment plan. They should be allowed to excel and strive to achieve their goals. Be able to reside and work in their chosen location and field as long as they are qualified for the job. They are usually part of a family belonging to a cultural group, living within a community or region of their choice. The environment can be open or closed. It can contribute to the building or endangering of the persons self esteem. One might adapt to the environment depending on one’s personal preference. A person might be seen in the eyes of others as the product of their environment that might be interpreted as a negative or a positive statement. Depending on one’s interpretation of the statement. Some environments have sub-cultures within the environment. Each group has different beliefs, such as religion, diet, attire, and dialects. The environment sometimes contributes to some medical problems, for example respiratory problems. Nurses unfamiliar with the laws and customs of the environment might need to familiarize themselves with cultural practices. What is appropriate and inappropriate for that culture for example male  nurses not allowed to give care to fema le patients in that environment and vice versa. Nurses might need to observe the environment for safety precautions and life threatening situations. Which will contribute or cause an illness, or preventing recovery. The environment is considered home and that is were the person resides. It is a familiar surrounding for the individual. Health can be defined as freedom from either a mental or physical condition, which impedes one from performing activities of daily living or preventing the person from functioning at their optimum level, for that individual. The person is considered mentally or physically stable or unstable depending on the diagnosis he/she is assigned. Health is when a person is in a state of well-being. The individual has been free of pain and disease. The patient is always the focus; therefore it is called â€Å"patient focused care†. Health is considered the quality of life, when an individual is independent and able to function without any obstacles of impedement. Nursing can be defined as one being trained in both theory and practice. Virgina Henderson also stated that â€Å"nursing is an independent unique health profession carrying out activities with or on behalf of the patient that contributes to health or recovery (or to a peaceful death) that the patient would perform unaided given the necessary strength, will or knowledge†. (Nursing Foundation (1999) Basic Elements of Selected Conceptual Models p 314). In nursing the nurse should be able to critical think, be caring, competent, compassionate and have a conscience according to Roach. (Roach 1992). Nursing would include, doing a nursing assessment, nursing diagnosis, nursing care plan, and a nursing interventions. Starting with short-term goals, and upon achieving short-term goals for the patient, then proceed to long-term goals. Goals should be realistic. Then evaluate and reassess if the needs arises. Problem solving and treating the patients as human, the same way you would like to be treated. Working in a mental Health hospital, the client is seen as a whole person, a human being. A person who is unable to cope, survive or function at their optimum level in the community, due to mental illness. Patients diagnosed with a mental illness, and are being cared for in the hospital. Their mental  status is monitored, and they are assessed on an ongoing basis. Patients are encouraged by nursing staff to verbalize their concerns, so staff can be aware of their needs, which will promote stabilization of the patient, diagnosed with a mental disorder. The environment in which the patient resides should be non-threatening therapeutic and be conducive to healing. The environment might be seen as open or closed depending on one’s perception. Health is interpreted differently, depending on the cultural, religious background of the person and their knowledge base, regarding health. With mental illness, the patient’s medication might need to be adjusted. Which will modify the behaviour and stabilized the patient at the same time. Assisting the patient to function at their optimum level, giving choices and promoting independence. My thinking represents a combination of worldviews. I looked at the whole person; reflect on the things that I could have done better. I attempt to understand the behaviors and practices of certain cultures. Gaining an understanding of the culture by using the deductionist path of science along with historical views of the person within the environment. As environment shape behaviors at times, I look at a combination of worldviews to determine each metapardigm.

Free Essays on Role Models

Gucci, Prada, Tommy, Nautica, Polo, Benzes and Lexus are all the things that you need to be role models for the youth of today in America; not brains but beauty, not values or morals but valued. Today in America there aren’t many positive role models for the youth known as Generation X. Role models for today’s youth consists of rappers, actors/actresses, and even the young man who hangs out on the street corner all day and sells drugs. Everyone predicted that this generation of youth would be doomed with the exception of few; thanks to Mrs. Rosa Gibbings, my teacher, an significant positive influence and role model in my life I am one of the exceptional few. First, Mrs. R. Gibbings was my second and third grade teacher, she was supposed to retire but agreed that she would stay if she could teach her second grade class in third grade. I still see her and get advice from her today. She helped shape and mold me into the positive, responsible, and confident individual I am today. She would praise my work and tell me what I could do to make it better. She always challenged me and never let me take the easy route. She saw the intelligence and dug deep to get the best out of me at every thing I did; she helped build the determination to succeed attitude that I carry today. Another way Mrs. Gibbings influenced me was with her disciplinary tactics. She let me know that it was all right to have fun and goof around but at certain times and places. She also made me fell that it was all right not to have millions of dollars and still be proud and confidant. Also she taught me to never put anyone else down or laugh at their ignorance to certain things but to teach them and help them to be better. She taught me to take the positive things in my environment and use them and stay away from the negative and learn from all my mistakes. She took no mess from anyone and always pushed me to be my best. To conclude, yes there are m... Free Essays on Role Models Free Essays on Role Models Gucci, Prada, Tommy, Nautica, Polo, Benzes and Lexus are all the things that you need to be role models for the youth of today in America; not brains but beauty, not values or morals but valued. Today in America there aren’t many positive role models for the youth known as Generation X. Role models for today’s youth consists of rappers, actors/actresses, and even the young man who hangs out on the street corner all day and sells drugs. Everyone predicted that this generation of youth would be doomed with the exception of few; thanks to Mrs. Rosa Gibbings, my teacher, an significant positive influence and role model in my life I am one of the exceptional few. First, Mrs. R. Gibbings was my second and third grade teacher, she was supposed to retire but agreed that she would stay if she could teach her second grade class in third grade. I still see her and get advice from her today. She helped shape and mold me into the positive, responsible, and confident individual I am today. She would praise my work and tell me what I could do to make it better. She always challenged me and never let me take the easy route. She saw the intelligence and dug deep to get the best out of me at every thing I did; she helped build the determination to succeed attitude that I carry today. Another way Mrs. Gibbings influenced me was with her disciplinary tactics. She let me know that it was all right to have fun and goof around but at certain times and places. She also made me fell that it was all right not to have millions of dollars and still be proud and confidant. Also she taught me to never put anyone else down or laugh at their ignorance to certain things but to teach them and help them to be better. She taught me to take the positive things in my environment and use them and stay away from the negative and learn from all my mistakes. She took no mess from anyone and always pushed me to be my best. To conclude, yes there are m...

Fashion Marketing-Brioni Essay Example

Fashion Marketing Fashion Marketing-Brioni Essay Fashion Marketing-Brioni Essay BRIONI HISTORY: Brioni is an Italian fashion house founded in 1945 by Nazareno Fonticoli and Gaetano Savini. In 1990,Umberto Angeloni became CEO of Brioni. It specialises in the sale of hand-made suits. Brioni’s first fashion show was held in 1952 at the Pitti Palace, Florence. The show gave the company world wide exposure. In 1954, the Brioni held the fashion show in New York City, followed by shows in eight other American cities. That year Brioni opened new shops on both sides of the Atlantic. MAIN COMPETITORS: Men’s wear: Ferragamo Ermenegildo Zegna Hugo Boss Giorgio Armani Gianni Versace According to the results of the 2011 Luxury Brand Status Index (LBSI) Brioni is the top men’s luxury fashion brand of the year. Women’s wear: Hugo boss Polo Ralph Lauren Zegna (Agnona) Hermes Prada Louis Vuitton KEY DATES: 1945 Brioni opens a tailor shop in Rome 1961 Brioni begins distribution to the United States 1978 Brioni opens its own tailoring school 1982 A retail shop is opened in New York 1990 Umberto Angeloni is named chief executive officer 1995 Pierce Brosnan, in the James Bond film Goldeneye, wears a Brioni suit 2002 Brioni opened its first two womens apparel stores in Milan and New York ESTABLISHMENT OF WOMEN’S LINE: (Donna Brioni): As Brioni prepared for the future, the esteem accorded to its brand name was as strong as ever. Although Angeloni consistently tempered any growth of the companys retail network by insisting the development of a retail chain was not in the companys future, the number of Brioni shops increased, nonetheless. In 2002, the company opened its first freestanding womens store in Milan followed by a second womens store in New York later that year. WOMEN’S LINE TEN YEARS ON: Brioni, known for its menswear announced in Q3 2011 that it has ended its women’s wear line, the fall/winter collection currently in stores being the last one. The women’s fashion show was scheduled for 25th September during Milan Fashion Week which was subsequently cancelled. Brioni’s women’s line has had a rocky history since launch, underperforming in most markets. Alessandro Dell’acqua was named creative Director for Brioni’s women line in May 2010. The Company has ended its contract with the creative director and also has closed its Brionis Italian plant in September 2011, which exclusively manufactured the women-wear collections. : The company’s decision to end its women’s line is motivated by its need to concentrate on its core business, men’s wear and accessories. There’s also news that PPR/Gucci group started negotiating a buyout of Brioni in July; however a deal is yet to be reached Bibliography: brioni. com luxuryinstitute. com fundinguniverse. com http://article. wn. com enotes. com elegant-lifestyle. com cpp-luxury. com

The Enlightenment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Enlightenment - Essay Example With the development of scientific societies and academies, there has been considerable progression in science which has aided the contemporary world. Furthermore, the popularity of science increased in the educated population. People became aware of the philosophies, knowledge and theories. There were advancements in terms of medicine, physics and mathematics which have extended till now and ministered to the advent of various technologies today that were once only seen as a far sighted notion. There had been advancements in the fields of electronics, chemistry which then evolved into modern chemistry. Enlightenment science paved ways for rationality and empiricism. Enlightenment ideas educated people all over Europe. It also spread the knowledge of art and literature which changed the styles into more ‘neo-classical’ themes. However, there was some criticism that argued that the development of science made man secluded from nature and it contributed to unhappiness in m ankind. The era of enlightenment and its impacts on science are very vast. The enlightenment was a stepping stone between the medieval world and the world we live in today. Many institutions were developed and more importantly, the mindset of the people was changed. The age of enlightenment focused on the power of reason and the attainability of the Truth. (Mulder) Works Cited Mulder, H.

Effects of Media on Political and Social Trust in US Article

Effects of Media on Political and Social Trust in US - Article Example From this discussion it is clear that in democratic societies like USA, media ensures the exchange of opinions and points of view between the people in power and the general public. In liberal democracy, media facilitates   public communication, informs the public, and represents the community. In democratic countries, freedom of press is guaranteed by law. The government may protect information from its public disclosure by classifying it as sensitive, classified or secret.This study outlines that people are said to have political trust when they trust the actions and intentions of the government and politicians. Uncivil exchanges during talks shows drastically reduce social trust. Talk radio can provide an unstructured outlet for public expression.  As listeners engage more and more with the medium, they become exhausted by the political system rather being motivated citizens. Thus, there is no long-term gauge on any medium to see how the media affect on trust in different time s. Social trust is a belief in the honesty, integrity and reliability of others that enables participants to act together more efficiently. Scanning the papers and watching video entertainment content enhance social trust, while examining the television news undermine trust in others.  studies have generated results that 20% of the overall public in America, have a greater impact on the political process than do those with more mixed ideological views.